This study established the changes in spinal motoneuronal excitability by pairing transcortical and transspinal stimulation.
Maria Knikou 2017, 'Spinal Excitability Changes after Transspinal and Transcortical Paired AssociativeStimulation in Humans', Neural Plasticityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6751810. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Alterations in monoaminergic neuromodulation during development could therefore lead to impairmentsin the motoneuronal physiology.
Léa eMilan, Grégory eBarrière, Philippe eDe Deurwaerdere, Jean-René eCazalets, SandrineS Bertrand 2014, 'Monoaminergic control of spinal locomotor networks in SOD1G93A newborn mice', Frontiers in Neural Circuitshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2014.00077/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, only a few studies have evaluated the heteronymous reflex pathways modulating motoneuronal activity at different joints.
Joseph-Omer Dyer, Eric Maupas, Sibele de Andrade Melo, Daniel Bourbonnais, Jean Fleury,Robert Forget 2009, 'Transmission in Heteronymous Spinal Pathways Is Modified after Stroke and Relatedto Motor Incoordination', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0004123. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)