a flattened hypha of a parasitic fungus that penetrates the host tissues
Word origin
from New Latin, from Latin appressus; see appressed
Examples of 'appressoria' in a sentence
appressoria
Interestingly, it also produced smaller conidia and appressoria.
Daipeng Chen, Yang Wang, Xiaoying Zhou, Yulin Wang, Jin-Rong Xu 2014, 'The Sch9 kinase regulates conidium size, stress responses, and pathogenesis in Fusariumgraminearum.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4140829?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Conidia germination and appressoria formation occurred six hours after inoculation (h.a.i).
Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes, Francisco André Osama Tanaka, Nelson Sidnei Massola Júnior 2013, 'Histopathology of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on guava fruits (Psidium guajavaL.)', Revista Brasileira de Fruticulturahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452013000200039&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Notably, the appressoria did not produce an appressorial cone surrounding the penetration pore.
Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes, Francisco André Osama Tanaka, Nelson Sidnei Massola Júnior 2013, 'Histopathology of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on guava fruits (Psidium guajavaL.)', Revista Brasileira de Fruticulturahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452013000200039&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Penetration of cuticle could be achieved either by peg form appressoria or directly by hyphae.
Ying Gao, Ying Ping Xie, Qi Xiong, Wei Min Liu, Jiao Liang Xue 2015, 'Ultrastructural exploration on the histopathological change in Phenacoccus fraxinusinfected with Lecanicillium lecanii.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4309582?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Therefore, it may provide a means to maintain redox homeostasis in appressoria.
Vijai Bhadauria, Sabine Banniza, Albert Vandenberg, Gopalan Selvaraj, Yangdou Wei 2012, 'Peroxisomal alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase AGT1 is indispensable for appressoriumfunction of the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3338719?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Hence, the formation of compound appressoria seems to be essential for infection of wheat.
Jörg Bormann, Marike Johanne Boenisch, Elena Brückner, Demet Firat, Wilhelm Schäfer 2014, 'The adenylyl cyclase plays a regulatory role in the morphogenetic switch from vegetativeto pathogenic lifestyle of Fusarium graminearum on wheat.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3946419?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This response can result in the formation of specialized infection structures, so-called appressoria.
Daniel Lanver, Patrick Berndt, Marie Tollot, Vikram Naik, Miroslav Vranes, TobiasWarmann, Karin Münch, Nicole Rössel, Regine Kahmann 2014, 'Plant surface cues prime Ustilago maydis for biotrophic development.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4102580?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, it still formed appressoria and caused rare, restricted lesions on rice leaves.
Wende Liu, Xiaoying Zhou, Guotian Li, Lei Li, Lingan Kong, Chenfang Wang, HaifengZhang, Jin-Rong Xu 2011, 'Multiple plant surface signals are sensed by different mechanisms in the rice blastfungus for appressorium formation.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3024261?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)