The hippocampal theta and neocortical gamma rhythms are two prominent examples of oscillatory neuronal activity.
Eelke Spaak, Magteld Zeitler, Stan Gielen 2012, 'Hippocampal theta modulation of neocortical spike times and gamma rhythm: a biophysicalmodel study.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3462809?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Maternal hyperglycemia disturbs neocortical lamination in some non-malformed offspring.
Shufang Ji, Wenjuan Zhou, Xian Li, Shangming Liu, Fuwu Wang, Xinyue Li, Tiantian Zhao,Guangyu Ji, Jingyi Du, Aijun Hao 2019, 'Maternal hyperglycemia disturbs neocortical neurogenesis via epigenetic regulationin C57BL/6J mice', Cell Death and Diseasehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41419-019-1438-z. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We explored the functional consequence of this trafficking defect on network excitability in neocortical slices.
Atul eMaheshwari, Walter eNahm, Jeffrey eNoebels 2013, 'Paradoxical proepileptic response to NMDA receptor blockade linked to cortical interneurondefect in stargazer mice', Frontiers in Cellular Neurosciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2013.00156/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Inhibitory pathways are an essential component in the function of the neocortical microcircuitry.
Thomas K Berger, Gilad Silberberg, Rodrigo Perin, Henry Markram 2010, 'Brief bursts self-inhibit and correlate the pyramidal network.', PLoS Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2935452?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Neocortical cholinergic activity plays a fundamental role in sensory processing and cognitive functions.
Irene eChaves-Coira, Natali eBarros-Zulaica, Margarita eRodrigo-Angulo, Angel eNunez 2016, 'Modulation of specific sensory cortical areas by segregated basal forebrain cholinergicneurons demonstrated by neuronal tracing and optogenetic stimulation in mice', Frontiers in Neural Circuitshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00028/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Indeed, recent screens have uncovered post-transcriptional mechanisms as being integral regulatory mechanisms to neocortical development.
Tatiana Popovitchenko, Mladen-Roko Rasin 2017, 'Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms of the Development of NeocorticalLamination', Frontiers in Neuroanatomyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2017.00102/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The thalamus transmits sensory information to the neocortex and receives neocortical, subcortical,and neuromodulatory inputs.
Nadia Urbain, Paul A. Salin, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Jean-Christophe Comte, Luc J.Gentet, Carl C.H. Petersen 2015, 'Whisking-Related Changes in Neuronal Firing and Membrane Potential Dynamics in theSomatosensory Thalamus of Awake Mice', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124715010402. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the absence of sensory stimulation, neocortical circuits display complex patterns of neural activity.
Roberto F. Galán 2008, 'On How Network Architecture Determines the Dominant Patterns of Spontaneous NeuralActivity', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0002148. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The neocortical tissues from five patients who died by non-neurological causes wereused as control.
Lourdes Lorigados Pedre, Lilia M. Morales Chacón, Nancy Pavón Fuentes, María delos A. Robinson Agramonte, Teresa Serrano Sánchez, Rachel M. Cruz-Xenes, Mei-Li Díaz Hung, Bárbara Estupiñán Díaz, Margarita M. Báez Martín, Sandra Orozco-Suárez 2018, 'Follow-Up of Peripheral IL-1β and IL-6 and Relation with Apoptotic Death in Drug-ResistantTemporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients Submitted to Surgery', Behavioral Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/8/2/21. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This instability explains the existence of neocortical delta oscillations and the emergence of absence epilepsy.
Grant Gillary, Ernst Niebur 2016, 'The Edge of Stability: Response Times and Delta Oscillations in Balanced Networks.',PLoS Computational Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5045166?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)