The aglycone form (genipin) also did not show inhibitory activities.
Kyoung Sik Park, Bong Hyun Kim, Il-Moo Chang 2010, 'Inhibitory Potencies of Several Iridoids on Cyclooxygenase-1, Cyclooxygnase-2 EnzymesActivities, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitric Oxide Production In Vitro', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem129. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, the main aglycone was cyanidin or peonidin in all of them.
Pavel A. Zykin, Elena A. Andreeva, Anna N. Lykholay, Natalia V. Tsvetkova, AnatolyV. Voylokov 2018, 'Anthocyanin Composition and Content in Rye Plants with Different Grain Color', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/948. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The aglycone of lyoniside, lyoniresinol possesses structural similarity to enterolignan precursors which are established phytoestrogens.
Shikha Mishra, Vidhu Aeri 2017, 'Biotransformation of lignan glycoside to its aglycone by Woodfordia fruticosa flowers:quantification of compounds using a validated HPTLC method', Pharmaceutical Biologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1238948. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Isoflavone occurs abundantly in leguminous seeds in the form of glycoside and aglycone.
Xinzhuo Yang, Rui Ma, Pengjun Shi, Huoqing Huang, Yingguo Bai, Yaru Wang, PeilongYang, Yunliu Fan, Bin Yao 2014, 'Molecular Characterization of a Highly-Active Thermophilic β-Glucosidase from Neosartoryafischeri P1 and Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Soybean Isoflavone Glycosides',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0106785. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This paper summarizes the structure properties, acquisition protocols, and biological activities of oleuropein aglycone.
Fangxue Xu, Yujuan Li, Mengmeng Zheng, Xiaozhi Xi, Xuelan Zhang, Chunchao Han 2018, 'Structure Properties, Acquisition Protocols, and Biological Activities of OleuropeinAglycone', Frontiers in Chemistryhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00239/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Oleuropein aglycone opened to diales and rearranged to hydroxytyrosil-elenolate under strong reaction conditions.
Ganapathy Sivakumar, Nicola A. Uccella, Luigi Gentile 2018, 'Probing Downstream Olive Biophenol Secoiridoids', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/10/2892. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group.
Yadollah Bahrami, Christopher M. M. Franco 2015, 'Structure Elucidation of New Acetylated Saponins, Lessoniosides A, B, C, D, and E,and Non-Acetylated Saponins, Lessoniosides F and G, from the Viscera of the Sea CucumberHolothuria lessoni', Marine Drugshttp://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/1/597. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Hydrolysis treatment has increased the antioxidant activity by releasing the flavonoid aglycone from glycoside form.
Tatang Irianti, Yosi Bayu Murti, Damiana Nitya Kanistri, Desi Riza Pratiwi, KuswandiKuswandi, Ratih Anggar Kusumaningtyas 2016, 'DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS FRACTION FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TALOKFRUIT (Muntingia calabura L.)', Majalah Obat Tradisionalhttps://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/TradMedJ/article/view/10724. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Isorhamnetin glycosides were better retained in the circulatory system than the aglycone.
Marilena Antunes-Ricardo, César Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe, EduardoCepeda-Cañedo, Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar 2017, 'Bioaccessibility, Intestinal Permeability and Plasma Stability of Isorhamnetin Glycosidesfrom Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/8/1816. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Therefore, we can use hydrolysis and biological activities to study oleuropein aglyconein the future.
Fangxue Xu, Yujuan Li, Mengmeng Zheng, Xiaozhi Xi, Xuelan Zhang, Chunchao Han 2018, 'Structure Properties, Acquisition Protocols, and Biological Activities of OleuropeinAglycone', Frontiers in Chemistryhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00239/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)