nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; a coenzyme that is a hydrogen carrier in metabolic reactions, esp in tissue respiration
Former name: DPN
dinucleotide in American English
(daiˈnuːkliəˌtaid, -ˈnjuː-)
noun
Biochemistry
a molecule composed of two nucleotide subunits
Word origin
[1925–30; di-1 + nucleotide]This word is first recorded in the period 1925–30. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: Nazi, buildup, chain reaction, hot spot, runoutdi- is a prefix occurring in loanwords from Greek, where it meant “two,” “twice,” “double”(diphthong). On this model, di- is freely used in the formation of compound words (dicotyledon; dipolar) and in chemical terms (diatomic; disulfide)
Examples of 'dinucleotide' in a sentence
dinucleotide
The two host groups possess very distinctive dinucleotide and codon usage patterns.
Francisco P. Lobo, Bruno E. F. Mota, Sérgio D. J. Pena, Vasco Azevedo, Andréa M. Macedo,Andreas Tauch, Carlos R. Machado, Glória R. Franco 2009, 'Virus-Host Coevolution: Common Patterns of Nucleotide Motif Usage in Flaviviridaeand Their Hosts', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0006282. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
They link these abnormalities to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in specific subcellular compartments.
Jacqueline M. Ward, Colleen A. Stoyas, Pawel M. Switonski, Farid Ichou, Weiwei Fan,Brett Collins, Christopher E. Wall, Isaac Adanyeguh, Chenchen Niu, Bryce L. Sopher,Chizuru Kinoshita, Richard S. Morrison, Alexandra Durr, Alysson R. Muotri, RonaldM. Evans, Fanny Mochel, Albert R. La Spada 2019, 'Metabolic and Organelle Morphology Defects in Mice and Human Patients Define SpinocerebellarAtaxia Type 7 as a Mitochondrial Disease', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124719300373. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Loci show between three and 36 dinucleotide repeats per locus, with an average of 13.
Tara N. Jennings, Brian J. Knaus, Katherine Alderman, Paul E. Hennon, David V. D'Amore,Richard Cronn 2013, 'Microsatellite Primers for the Pacific Northwest Conifer Callitropsis nootkatensis(Cupressaceae)', Applications in Plant Scienceshttp://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1300025. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Dinucleotide relative abundances are considered an idiosyncratic feature of genomes, regarded as a ‘genomic signature'.
Konstantinos Apostolou-Karampelis, Dimitris Polychronopoulos, Yannis Almirantis 2019, 'Introduction of ‘Generalized Genomic Signatures' for the quantification of neighbourpreferences leads to taxonomy- and functionality-based distinction among sequences',Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-018-38157-3. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The primers amplified dinucleotide repeats with 3–14 alleles per locus across four natural populations.
Chin Hong Ng, Chai Ting Lee, Soon Leong Lee, Lee Hong Tnah, Kevin Kit Siong Ng 2013, 'Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for Shorea platyclados(Dipterocarpaceae)', Applications in Plant Scienceshttp://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1200538. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The most abundant was hexanuclelotide (31.39%), followed by trinucleotide (27.67%) and dinucleotide (19.04%).
Caihong Wang, Xiaojiao Liu, Suotang Peng, Qun Xu, Xiaoping Yuan, Yue Feng, HanyongYu, Yiping Wang, Xinghua Wei 2014, 'Development of Novel Microsatellite Markers for the BBCC Oryza Genome (Poaceae) UsingHigh-Throughput Sequencing Technology', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0091826. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The most abundant motif was mononucleotide (52.33%), followed by trinucleotide (31.96%), and dinucleotide (14.57%).
Liuyi Yang, Changlong Wen, Hong Zhao, Qianchun Liu, Jingjing Yang, Lecheng Liu, YongqinWang 2015, 'Development of Polymorphic Genic SSR Markers by Transcriptome Sequencing in the WelshOnion (Allium fistulosum L.)', Applied Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/5/4/1050. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Dinucleotide microsatellite markers were used to scan the genome.
E. Lipkin, M. Soller, E. Santus, V. La Mattina, F. Schiavini, A. Bagnato 2010, 'Mapping QTL affecting milk somatic Cell count in the Italian Brown Swiss dairy Cattle– the QuaLAT Project', Italian Journal of Animal Sciencehttp://www.aspajournal.it/index.php/ijas/article/view/1355. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Longevity relates to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumer pathways.
Adrian C Williams, Lisa J Hill 2017, 'Meat and Nicotinamide: A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics',International Journal of Tryptophan Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1178646917704661. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mononucleotides were the most abundant repeats followed by dinucleotide repeats.
Nidhi Shukla, Himani Kuntal, Asheesh Shanker, Satyendra Nath Sharma 2018, 'Mining and analysis of simple sequence repeats in the chloroplast genomes of genusVigna', Biotechnology Research & Innovationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452072117300746. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)