[1865–70; di-1 + -valent]This word is first recorded in the period 1865–70. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: figure skating, maverick, racism, springboard, steamrollerdi- is a prefix occurring in loanwords from Greek, where it meant “two,” “twice,” “double”(diphthong). On this model, di- is freely used in the formation of compound words (dicotyledon; dipolar) and in chemical terms (diatomic; disulfide)
Examples of 'divalent' in a sentence
divalent
Divalent cations were required for infection and maturation, but maturation did not require viral replication.
Teresa R. Johnson, Christina N. Johnson, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Gretchen C. Edwards,Barney S. Graham 2011, 'Primary Human mDC1, mDC2, and pDC Dendritic Cells Are Differentially Infected andActivated by Respiratory Syncytial Virus', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0016458. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These two enzymes also display different nucleotide substrate and divalent cation specificities.
Dorothée Raoux-Barbot, Alexander Belyy, Lina Worpenberg, Sabrina Montluc, Celia Deville,Véronique Henriot, Christophe Velours, Daniel Ladant, Louis Renault, Undine Mechold 2018, 'Differential regulation of actin-activated nucleotidyl cyclase virulence factors byfilamentous and globular actin', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0206133. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the presence of divalent cations, usually calcium, pectins can form gel-like structures.
Justyna Cybulska, Agnieszka Brzyska, Artur Zdunek, Krzysztof Woliński 2014, 'Simulation of force spectroscopy experiments on galacturonic acid oligomers.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4168238?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Other divalent metals, such as iron and manganese, failed to inhibit these responses.
John K. Crane, Muhammad B. Cheema, Michael A. Olyer, Mark D. Sutton 2018, 'Zinc Blockade of SOS Response Inhibits Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic ResistanceGenes in Enteric Bacteria', Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00410/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Its applications were demonstrated by studying electrochemical reactions of ferricyanide and divalent copper.
Shuang Han, Junfeng Zhai, Lihong Shi, Xiaoqing Liu, Wenxin Niu, Haijuan Li, GuobaoXu 2007, 'Rotating minidisk–disk electrodes', Electrochemistry Communicationshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248107000550. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Divalent attachments were stronger and less dependent on forces than monovalent ones.
Valentina Lo Schiavo, Philippe Robert, Laurent Limozin, Pierre Bongrand 2012, 'Quantitative modeling assesses the contribution of bond strengthening, rebinding andforce sharing to the avidity of biomolecule interactions.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3443103?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Ability of phosphopeptides to efficiently solubilize divalent iron was confirmed.
Khamagaeva I.S. 2013, 'EFFECT OF IRON SULFATE ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF EXTRACELLULAR METABOLITES OF PROPIONIC ACIDBACTERIA', Foods and Raw Materialshttp://jfrm.ru/?page=archive&jrn=1&article=5. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Yu R., Yun J., Kim Y. 2017, 'Synthesis and Characterization of Black CoFe2O4 Pigments Using MOOH (M = Fe and Co)Nanorod', Archives of Metallurgy and Materialshttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/amm.2017.62.issue-2/amm-2017-0183/amm-2017-0183.xml?format=INT. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Seven divalent metal ions were used to test the selectiveness on enhancing protease activity.
Chung-Lun Lu, Shiu-Nan Chen 2010, 'Magnesium Enhanced Fibrinolytic Activity of Protease from Schizophyllum commune',Taiwaniahttp://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/taiwania/abstract.php?type=abstract&id=1126. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It has long been recognized that divalent cations modulate cell excitability.
Parmvir K Bahia, Eric S Bennett, Thomas E Taylor-Clark 2012, 'Reductions in external divalent cations evoke novel voltage-gated currents in sensoryneurons.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3273472?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)