The contingency of pronotum variability with elytral patterns were investigated.
Alla V Blehman 2007, 'VARIABILITY OF PRONOTUM PATTERNS IN LADYBIRD BEETLE HARMONIA AXYRIDIS PALLAS (COLEOPTERA,COCCINELLIDAE)', Экологическая генетикаhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/5372. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Rougher elytral surfaces tended to present a stronger hydrophobicity.
Mingxia Sun, Aiping Liang, Gregory S Watson, Jolanta A Watson, Yongmei Zheng, LeiJiang 2012, 'Compound microstructures and wax layer of beetle elytral surfaces and their influenceon wetting properties.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3464267?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Elytral sizes and coloration patterns were quantified using digital photography and analytical methods.
Danny Haelewaters, Thomas Hiller, Michał Gorczak, Donald H. Pfister 2018, 'Influence of Elytral Color Pattern, Size, and Sex of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera,Coccinellidae) on Parasite Prevalence and Intensity of Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota,Laboulbeniales)', Insectshttp://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/2/67. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)