Size estimates using endocranial volume indicate the specimen was very large.
Casey M. Holliday, Nicholas M. Gardner 2012, 'A New Eusuchian Crocodyliform with Novel Cranial Integument and Its Significance forthe Origin and Evolution of Crocodylia', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0030471. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The endocranial anatomy reveals a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters in therizinosaurians.
Stephan Lautenschlager, Emily J Rayfield, Perle Altangerel, Lindsay E Zanno, LawrenceM Witmer 2012, 'The endocranial anatomy of therizinosauria and its implications for sensory and cognitivefunction.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3526574?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The distance between the endocranial layers was dramatically increased and suture closure was significantly delayed.
Björn Behr, Michael T Longaker, Natalina Quarto 2013, 'Absence of endochondral ossification and craniosynostosis in posterior frontal cranialsutures of Axin2(-/-) mice.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3731366?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Extinct animal behavior has often been inferred from qualitative assessments of relative brain region size in fossil endocranial casts.
Stig A Walsh, Andrew N Iwaniuk, Monja A Knoll, Estelle Bourdon, Paul M Barrett, AngelaC Milner, Robert L Nudds, Richard L Abel, Patricia Dello Sterpaio 2013, 'Avian cerebellar floccular fossa size is not a proxy for flying ability in birds.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3692442?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, their character-rich endocranial anatomy has not been investigated in detail since the first half of the 20th century.
Thodoris Argyriou, Sam Giles, Matt Friedman, Carlo Romano, Ilja Kogan, Marcelo R.Sánchez-Villagra 2018, 'Internal cranial anatomy of Early Triassic species of †Saurichthys (Actinopterygii:†Saurichthyiformes): implications for the phylogenetic placement of †saurichthyiforms',BMC Evolutionary Biologyhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-018-1264-4. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We conclude that we are unable to detect individual differences in endocranial volume using external skull measurements.
Corina J. Logan, Christin R. Palmstrom 2015, 'Can endocranial volume be estimated accurately from external skull measurements ingreat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus)?', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/1000.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We found that not all splanchnocranial shape changes during development are tightlyintegrated with endocranial shape.
Nadia A. Scott, André Strauss, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Philipp Gunz, Simon Neubauer 2018, 'Covariation of the endocranium and splanchnocranium during great ape ontogeny', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0208999. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These results also have important implications for the possible relationships between endocranial shape asymmetries and functional capacities in hominins.
Antoine Balzeau, Emmanuel Gilissen, Dominique Grimaud-Hervé 2012, 'Shared Pattern of Endocranial Shape Asymmetries among Great Apes, Anatomically ModernHumans, and Fossil Hominins', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0029581. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)