a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the other, the two typically behaving as a single organism. It is believed to be the means by which such organelles as mitochondria and chloroplasts arose within eukaryotic cells
Derived forms
endosymbiotic (ˌendoˌsymbiˈotic)
adjective
endosymbiosis in American English
(ˌendouˌsɪmbiˈousɪs, -bai-)
noun
Biology
symbiosis in which one symbiont lives within the body of the other
Derived forms
endosymbiotic (ˌendouˌsɪmbiˈɑtɪk, -bai-)
adjective
Word origin
[1935–40; endo- + symbiosis]This word is first recorded in the period 1935–40. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: Arts and Crafts Movement, blitz, fluorocarbon, gangbuster, roadblockendo- is a combining form meaning “within,” used in the formation of compound words. Otherwords that use the affix endo- include: endobiotic, endocrine, endocytosis, endogenous, endophora
Examples of 'endosymbiosis' in a sentence
endosymbiosis
Trophic endosymbiosis between anthozoans and photosynthetic dinoflagellates forms the key foundation of reef ecosystems.
Philippe Ganot, Aurélie Moya, Virginie Magnone, Denis Allemand, Paola Furla, CécileSabourault 2011, 'Adaptations to endosymbiosis in a cnidarian-dinoflagellate association: differentialgene expression and specific gene duplications.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3141003?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles that originated from the endosymbiosis of analpha-proteobacterium.
Toni Gabaldón, Martijn A Huynen 2007, 'From endosymbiont to host-controlled organelle: the hijacking of mitochondrial proteinsynthesis and metabolism.', PLoS Computational Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2062474?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
When plastids are transferred between eukaryote lineages through series of endosymbiosis, their environment changes dramatically.
Mari Espelund, Marianne A Minge, Tove M Gabrielsen, Alexander J Nederbragt, KamranShalchian-Tabrizi, Christian Otis, Monique Turmel, Claude Lemieux, Kjetill S Jakobsen 2012, 'Genome fragmentation is not confined to the peridinin plastid in dinoflagellates.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3377699?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Their encoding genes have been probably introduced into the plant lineage during the primary endosymbiosis.
Jitka Frébortová, Marta Greplová, Michael F. Seidl, Alexander Heyl, Ivo Frébort 2015, 'Biochemical Characterization of Putative Adenylate Dimethylallyltransferase and CytokininDehydrogenase from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0138468. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The plastids of chlorarachniophytes were derived from an ancestral green alga via secondary endosymbiosis.
Yi Yang, Motomichi Matsuzaki, Fumio Takahashi, Lei Qu, Hisayoshi Nozaki 2014, 'Phylogenomic Analysis of “Red” Genes from Two Divergent Species of the “Green” SecondaryPhototrophs, the Chlorarachniophytes, Suggests Multiple Horizontal Gene Transfersfrom the Red Lineage before the Divergence of Extant Chlorarachniophytes', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0101158. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Here, we focused on the implication of lysozyme, a bactericidal enzyme, in this endosymbiosis.
Camille Detree, Apolline Chabenat, François H Lallier, Nori Satoh, Eiichi Shoguchi,Arnaud Tanguy, Jean Mary 2016, 'Multiple I-Type Lysozymes in the Hydrothermal Vent Mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus andTheir Role in Symbiotic Plasticity.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4755537?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Chloroplasts are photosynthetic cell organelles which have evolved from endosymbiosis of the cyanobacterial ancestor.
Mustafa Malik Ghulam, Florence Courtois, Silva Lerbs-Mache, Livia Merendino 2013, 'Complex processing patterns of mRNAs of the large ATP synthase operon in Arabidopsischloroplasts.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3817242?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Photosynthetic euglenids acquired their plastid by secondary endosymbiosis of a prasinophyte-like green alga.
Jean-François Pombert, Erick R James, Jan Janouškovec, Patrick J Keeling 2012, 'Evidence for transitional stages in the evolution of euglenid group II introns andtwintrons in the Monomorphina aenigmatica plastid genome.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3534033?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Our results support a link between concerted evolution and nested endosymbiosis.
Sergio eLópez-Madrigal, Amparo eLatorre, Amparo eLatorre, Andres eMoya, Andres eMoya,Rosario eGil 2015, 'The link between independent acquisition of intracellular gamma-endosymbionts andconcerted evolution in Tremblaya princeps', Frontiers in Microbiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00642/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis.
Kazufumi Hosoda, Masumi Habuchi, Shingo Suzuki, Mikako Miyazaki, Go Takikawa, TakahiroSakurai, Akiko Kashiwagi, Makoto Sueyoshi, Yusuke Matsumoto, Ayako Kiuchi, KotaroMori, Tetsuya Yomo 2014, 'Adaptation of a cyanobacterium to a biochemically rich environment in experimentalevolution as an initial step toward a chloroplast-like state.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4038495?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)