Like other oligomeric surfactants, these compounds present improved performance withrespect to their monomeric counterparts.
Luis Garcia-Rio, Vitor Francisco, Nuno Basilio 2013, 'Aggregation of p-Sulfonatocalixarene-Based Amphiphiles and Supra-Amphiphiles', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/2/3140. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These results indicate that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves.
Wei-ling Cui, Long-hai Qiu, Jia-yan Lian, Jia-chun Li, Jun Hu, Xiao-lin Liu 2016, 'Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves',Neural Regeneration Researchhttp://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2016;volume=11;issue=3;spage=512;epage=518;aulast=. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This oligomeric complex predominantly consists of β-propeller and α-solenoidal proteins.
Fabiola R. Calviño, Markus Kornprobst, Géza Schermann, Fabienne Birkle, Klemens Wild,Tamas Fischer, Ed Hurt, Yasar Luqman Ahmed, Irmgard Sinning 2017, 'Structural basis for 5'-ETS recognition by Utp4 at the early stages of ribosome biogenesis',PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0178752. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, small substrate molecules (peptides) always triggered the same oligomeric state regardless of their concentration.
Jack Iwanczyk, Vivian Leong, Joaquin Ortega 2011, 'Factors Defining the Functional Oligomeric State of Escherichia coli DegP Protease',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0018944. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Procyanidins are the oligomeric or polymeric forms of epicatechin and catechin.
Yoko Yamashita, Liuqing Wang, Fumio Nanba, Chiaki Ito, Toshiya Toda, Hitoshi Ashida 2016, 'Procyanidin Promotes Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4 in Muscle of Mice throughActivation of Insulin and AMPK Signaling Pathways', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0161704. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Small oligomeric precursors serve to initiate and nucleate the aggregation process.
Kirsch Lee E, Nguyen Lida T, Hoppe Cindy C, Wiencek John M 2008, 'Characterization of seed nuclei in glucagon aggregation using light scattering methodsand field-flow fractionation', Journal of Biological Engineeringhttp://www.jbioleng.org/content/2/1/10. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The consequence of these inhibitions was the accumulation of oligomeric structural species.
Sharoar Md, Thapa Arjun, Shahnawaz Mohammad, Ramasamy Vijay, Woo Eun-Rhan, Shin Song,Park Il-Seon 2012, 'Keampferol-3-O-rhamnoside abrogates amyloid beta toxicity by modulating monomers andremodeling oligomers and fibrils to non-toxic aggregates', Journal of Biomedical Sciencehttp://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/19/1/104. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Exactly which oligomeric species underlie these cytotoxic effects remains unclear.
Panchika Prangkio, Erik C Yusko, David Sept, Jerry Yang, Michael Mayer 2012, 'Multivariate analyses of amyloid-beta oligomer populations indicate a connection betweenpore formation and cytotoxicity.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3471831?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Crosslinking experiments suggest an oligomeric architecture of at least four subunits.
Christian Löw, Caroline Jegerschöld, Michael Kovermann, Per Moberg, Pär Nordlund 2012, 'Optimisation of over-expression in E. coli and biophysical characterisation of humanmembrane protein synaptogyrin 1.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3365889?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Many if not most proteins function in oligomeric assemblies of one or more proteinsequences.
Maxim V Shapovalov, Qiang Wang, Qifang Xu, Mark Andrake, Roland L Dunbrack 2014, 'BioAssemblyModeler (BAM): user-friendly homology modeling of protein homo- and heterooligomers.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4055448?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)