Oncolytic virotherapies have emerged as new modalities for cancer treatment.
Yang Jia, Shohei Miyamoto, Yasushi Soda, Yuto Takishima, Miyako Sagara, Jiyuan Liao,Lisa Hirose, Yasuki Hijikata, Yoshie Miura, Kenichiro Hara, Atsufumi Iwanaga, YasunoriOta, Kenzaburo Tani 2019, 'Extremely Low Organ Toxicity and Strong Antitumor Activity of miR-34-Regulated OncolyticCoxsackievirus B3', Molecular Therapy: Oncolyticshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2372770519300038. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, full-length sequencing revealed no obvious or previously described genetic changes associated with oncolytic activity.
Raquel Garijo, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Carmen Rivas, Jean-Simon Diallo, Rafael Sanjuán 2014, 'Experimental Evolution of an Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with Increased Selectivityfor p53-Deficient Cells', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0102365. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Oncolytic virus-based therapies may further improve the outcome of these cancer patients.
Katrin Goepfert, Christiane Dinsart, Jean Rommelaere, Friedrich Foerster, Markus Moehler 2019, 'Rational Combination of Parvovirus H1 With CTLA-4 and PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors Dampensthe Tumor Induced Immune Silencing', Frontiers in Oncologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2019.00425/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Future clinical trials with oncolytic adenoviruses for osteosarcoma tumors are warranted.
Marc Garcia-Moure, Naiara Martinez-Vélez, Ana Patiño-García, Marta M. Alonso 2017, 'Oncolytic adenoviruses as a therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma: A new hope', Journal of Bone Oncologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137416300732. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Some oncolytic viruses are better adapted than others to the hypoxic tumor environment.
Guo ZS 2011, 'The impact of hypoxia on oncolytic virotherapy', Virus Adaptation and Treatmenthttp://www.dovepress.com/the-impact-of-hypoxia-on-oncolytic-virotherapy-a8670. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Oncolytic virotherapy may be a promising novel therapeutic for hypoxic cancer.
Guo ZS 2011, 'The impact of hypoxia on oncolytic virotherapy', Virus Adaptation and Treatmenthttp://www.dovepress.com/the-impact-of-hypoxia-on-oncolytic-virotherapy-a8670. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Oncolytic viruses are promising treatments for many kinds of solid tumors.
Qian Zhao, Wen Zhang, Zhifeng Ning, Xiufen Zhuang, Haizhen Lu, Jing Liang, Jie Li,Yu Zhang, Ying Dong, Youhui Zhang, Shuren Zhang, Shangmei Liu, Binlei Liu 2014, 'A novel oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 has potent anti-tumor activity.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3966855?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Lastly, we consider how this knowledge might guide future development of oncolytic viruses.
Chad R. Irwin, Chad R. Irwin, Mary M. Hitt, Mary M. Hitt, David H. Evans, David H.Evans 2017, 'Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potentialof DNA Viruses', Frontiers in Oncologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2017.00229/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This article provides a review of the results of oncolytic virus treatment of canine cancers.
MacNeill AL 2015, 'On the potential of oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of canine cancers', Oncolytic Virotherapyhttps://www.dovepress.com/on-the-potential-of-oncolytic-virotherapy-for-the-treatment-of-canine--peer-reviewed-article-OV. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Numerous oncolytic platforms are currently in clinical development.
Breitbach CJ, Bell JC, Hwang TH, Kirn DH, Burke J 2015, 'The emerging therapeutic potential of the oncolytic immunotherapeutic Pexa-Vec (JX-594)',Oncolytic Virotherapyhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-emerging-therapeutic-potential-of-the-oncolytic-immunotherapeutic--peer-reviewed-article-OV. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)