some cells will eventually become part of the newly formed human individual, butothers continue as extraembryonic membranes and the placenta
extraembryonic in American English
(ˌekstrəˌembriˈɑnɪk)
adjective
1.
situated outside the embryo
2.
pertaining to structures outside the embryo
Word origin
[extra- + embryonic]extra- is a prefix meaning “outside,” “beyond,” freely used as an English formative. Otherwords that use the affix extra- include: extra-atmospheric, extrajudicial, extraterritorial
Examples of 'extraembryonic' in a sentence
extraembryonic
Extraembryonic tissues have various roles in protecting, nourishing and patterning embryos.
Lempicki Richard A, Huang Da, Sherman Brad T, Wan Haiyan, Brown Jamie L, Levin CarlyS, Hong Sung-Kook, Feldman Benjamin 2010, 'Pre-gastrula expression of zebrafish extraembryonic genes', BMC Developmental Biologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/10/42. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The extraembryonic tissues (placenta or umbilical cord) of three additional animals were also transgenic.
R. J. Bevacqua, R. Fernandez-Martin, N. G. Canel, A. Gibbons, D. Texeira, F. Lange,G. Vans Landschoot, V. Savy, O. Briski, M. I. Hiriart, E. Grueso, Z. Ivics, O. Taboga,W. A. Kues, S. Ferraris, D. F. Salamone 2017, 'Assessing Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty for transpositional transgenesis by cytoplasmicinjection into bovine and ovine zygotes', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0174025. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Notably, these cells contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo.
Yaqin Du, Ting Wang, Jun Xu, Chaoran Zhao, Haibo Li, Yao Fu, Yaxing Xu, Liangfu Xie,Jingru Zhao, Weifeng Yang, Ming Yin, Jinhua Wen, Hongkui Deng 2018, 'Efficient derivation of extended pluripotent stem cells from NOD-scid Il2rg −/− mice',Protein & Cellhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13238-018-0558-z. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm.
Gail Doughton, Jun Wei, Nicolas Tapon, Melanie J. Welham, Andrew D. Chalmers 2014, 'Formation of a Polarised Primitive Endoderm Layer in Embryoid Bodies Requires Fgfr/ErkSignalling', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0095434. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Extraembryonic tissues of embryos cultured in vitro appear to be derived from fewer trophoblast stem cells.
Nahid Turan, Sunita Katari, Leigh F Gerson, Raffi Chalian, Michael W Foster, JohnP Gaughan, Christos Coutifaris, Carmen Sapienza 2010, 'Inter- and intra-individual variation in allele-specific DNA methylation and geneexpression in children conceived using assisted reproductive technology.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2908687?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
E-cadherin was redistributed into cytoplasmic aggregates in blastomeres and dramatically redistributed in the extraembryonic yolk cell.
Swapnalee Sarmah, Pooja Muralidharan, Courtney L. Curtis, Jeanette N. McClintick,Bryce B. Buente, David J. Holdgrafer, Osato Ogbeifun, Opeyemi C. Olorungbounmi, LilianaPatino, Ryan Lucas, Sonya Gilbert, Evan S. Groninger, Julia Arciero, Howard J. Edenberg,James A. Marrs 2013, 'Ethanol exposure disrupts extraembryonic microtubule cytoskeleton and embryonic blastomerecell adhesion, producing epiboly and gastrulation defects', Biology Openhttp://bio.biologists.org/content/2/10/1013. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The first cell fate choice of the preimplantation embryo generates the extraembryonic trophoblast and embryonic epiblast lineages.
Ursula Nosi, Fredrik Lanner, Tsu Huang, Brian Cox 2017, 'Overexpression of Trophoblast Stem Cell-Enriched MicroRNAs Promotes Trophoblast Fatein Embryonic Stem Cells', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221112471730534X. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Most notably, the extraembryonic vasculature of the yolk sac displayed remodeling differentiation defects, with greatly enlarged lumens.
Vivian Jay L, Fields Patrick E, Neradugomma Naveen K, Feng Yi, Copeland Jessica N 2011, 'Notch signaling regulates remodeling and vessel diameter in the extraembryonic yolksac', BMC Developmental Biologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/11/12. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
They are used as an in vitro model to evaluate early extraembryonic tissue formation and differentiation process.
Francesca Diomede, Nicoletta Zini, Nicoletta Zini, Jacopo Pizzicannella, Ilaria Merciaro,Giuseppe Pizzicannella, Monica D'Orazio, Adriano Piattelli, Adriano Piattelli, OrianaTrubiani 2018, '5-Aza Exposure Improves Reprogramming Process Through Embryoid Body Formation in HumanGingival Stem Cells', Frontiers in Geneticshttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00419/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The stromal cells are of extraembryonic mesenchymal origin and are important for villous formation and maintenance.
Wassim Abou-Kheir, Assaad Eid, Rabih El-Merahbi, Rebecca Assaf, Georges Daoud 2015, 'A Unique Expression of Keratin 14 in a Subset of Trophoblast Cells.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4592186?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)