They encode putative pantothenate biosynthesis enzymes (pantoate-β-alanine ligase and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase, respectively).
los Santos Alejandro, Romero David, Lozano Luis, Dávalos Araceli, Brom Susana, VillaseñorTomás 2011, 'Housekeeping genes essential for pantothenate biosynthesis are plasmid-encoded inRhizobium etli and Rhizobium leguminosarum', BMC Microbiologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/11/66. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
None of the compounds were specific pantothenate kinase inhibitors.
Sabine Fletcher, Leonardo Lucantoni, Melissa L. Sykes, Amy J. Jones, John P. Holleran,Kevin J. Saliba, Vicky M. Avery 2016, 'Biological characterization of chemically diverse compounds targeting the Plasmodiumfalciparum coenzyme A synthesis pathway', Parasites & Vectorshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-016-1860-3. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This work supports the hypothesis that fosmetpantotenate acts to replace reduced phosphopantothenic acid in pantothenatekinase 2-deficient tissues.
Daniel Elbaum, Maria G Beconi, Edith Monteagudo, Annalise Di Marco, Maria S Quinton,Kathryn A Lyons, Andrew Vaino, Steven Harper 2018, 'Fosmetpantotenate (RE-024), a phosphopantothenate replacement therapy for pantothenatekinase-associated neurodegeneration: Mechanism of action and efficacy in nonclinicalmodels.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5844530?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In contrast, different chaperones, several fermentation pathways, and cysteine, serine, and pantothenate biosynthesis were found upregulated.
Julia D. Hofmann, Julia D. Hofmann, Andreas Otto, Mareike Berges, Mareike Berges,Rebekka Biedendieck, Rebekka Biedendieck, Annika-Marisa Michel, Annika-Marisa Michel,Dörte Becher, Dieter Jahn, Dieter Jahn, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Meina Neumann-Schaal,Meina Neumann-Schaal 2018, 'Metabolic Reprogramming of Clostridioides difficile During the Stationary Phase Withthe Induction of Toxin Production', Frontiers in Microbiologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01970/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Hair density increments were more obvious in the minoxidil group, and hair thickness increments were more obvious in pantothenate group.
Mansour Siavash, Fereshteh Tavakoli, Fatemeh Mokhtari 2017, 'Comparing the effects of zinc sulfate, calcium pantothenate, their combination andminoxidil solution regimens on controlling hair loss in women: A randomized controlledtrial', Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practicehttp://www.jrpp.net/article.asp?issn=2319-9644;year=2017;volume=6;issue=2;spage=89;epage=93;aulast=Siavash. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The mutants exhibit a different sensitivity profile to recently-described, potent, antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues, with one line being hypersensitive.
Erick T Tjhin, Christina Spry, Alan L Sewell, Annabelle Hoegl, Leanne Barnard, AnnaE Sexton, Ghizal Siddiqui, Vanessa M Howieson, Alexander G Maier, Darren J Creek,Erick Strauss, Rodolfo Marquez, Karine Auclair, Kevin J Saliba 2018, 'Mutations in the pantothenate kinase of Plasmodium falciparum confer diverse sensitivityprofiles to antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5882169?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)