However, aphid feeding behavior had a significant effect on the parasitization rate.
Govinda Shrestha, Henrik Skovgård, Gadi V P Reddy, Tove Steenberg, Annie Enkegaard 2017, 'Role of the aphid species and their feeding locations in parasitization behavior ofAphelinus abdominalis, a parasitoid of the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5576687?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These changes aid the invasion of host cells and augment the percentage of cell parasitization.
Lissette Retana Moreira, Fernando Rodríguez Serrano, Antonio Osuna 2019, 'Extracellular vesicles of Trypanosoma cruzi tissue-culture cell-derived trypomastigotes:Induction of physiological changes in non-parasitized culture cells.', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseaseshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6383987?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Also, parasitization was higher on uninfected plants baited with methyl salicylate than on non-baited controls.
Xavier eMartini, Kirsten S Pelz-Stelinski, Lukasz Lech Stelinski 2014, 'Plant pathogen-induced volatiles attract parasitoids to increase parasitism of aninsect vector', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolutionhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fevo.2014.00008/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Importantly, the expression profiles of immune-related genes were significantly regulated after parasitization.
Baozhen Tang, Jun Chen, Youming Hou, E Meng 2014, 'Transcriptome immune analysis of the invasive beetle Octodonta nipae (Maulik) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) parasitized by Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3948882?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Regardless of infection with the symbiont, the aphids benefitted from being heat shocked after parasitization.
Eleanor R Heyworth, Julia Ferrari 2016, 'Heat Stress Affects Facultative Symbiont-Mediated Protection from a Parasitoid Wasp.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5119854?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Parasitization impacted gene expression in fatbody and hemocytes.
Shun-Fan Wu, Fang-Da Sun, Yi-Xiang Qi, Yao Yao, Qi Fang, Jia Huang, David Stanley,Gong-Yin Ye 2013, 'Parasitization by Cotesia chilonis influences gene expression in fatbody and hemocytesof Chilo suppressalis.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3781088?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Average total percent parasitization by 9 species of parasitoids was 54.39/month in 1998.
Jiraporn Petcharat 2000, 'Species of citrus leafminer larval and larval-pupal parasitoids and their parasitizationfound in an', Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST)http://www.sjst.psu.ac.th/. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The average parasitization rate was 23±1 as revealed through the present study.
K. Saeidi, S. Mirfakhraie, F. Mehrkhou 2016, 'Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae)pupae in Kohgiluyeh Safflower farms of Iran', Journal of Entomological and Acarological Researchhttp://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/jear/article/view/5085. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The development time, parasitization rate, and death ratio were determined by daily observation.
Mehmet Karacaoğlu, Serdar Satar 2018, 'Effect of temperature on some biological parameters of Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday)(Hym.: Brachonidae) on Aphis gossypii glover (Hem.: Aphididae)', Derimhttp://www.derim.com.tr/download/article-file/595875. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Parasitization had significant impacts on expression levels of 928 identified insect host transcripts.
Glatz Richard V, Nielsen Lars K, Schlipalius David, Palfreyman Robin W, Etebari Kayvan,Asgari Sassan 2011, 'Deep sequencing-based transcriptome analysis of Plutella xylostella larvaeparasitized by Diadegma semiclausum', BMC Genomicshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/446. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)