Generally, smaller permeant molecules diffused at a higher rate than larger molecules.
A.D. Van Eyk, P. Van Der Bijl, L.M. Moll 2008, 'Physicochemical Characteristics of Molecules and Their Diffusion across Human VaginalMucosa', European Journal of Inflammationhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X0800600203. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, these residues contribute to control blockage or activation by permeant anions.
Simone Pifferi 2017, 'Permeation Mechanisms in the TMEM16B Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5207786?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Deionized water was the reference permeant fluid.
Umar Sa'eed Yusuf, Matawal Danladi Slim, Elinwa Augustine Uchechukwu 2016, 'Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Laterite Treated with Iron Ore Tailings', Advances in Civil Engineeringhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4275736. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Consequently, the process of developing more active cell-permeant recombinases was largely empirical.
Ruley H Earl, Gebre-Amlak Kassatihun D, Jo Daewoong, Lin Qing 2004, 'Enhanced cell-permeant Cre protein for site-specific recombination in cultured cells',BMC Biotechnologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/4/25. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, computational studies can reveal hidden variables such as membrane-permeant interaction that cannot be measured experimentally.
Daniel P. Otto, Johann Combrinck, Anja Otto, Louwrens R. Tiedt, Melgardt M. deVilliers 2018, 'Dissipative Particle Dynamics Investigation of the Transport of Salicylic Acid througha Simulated In Vitro Skin Permeation Model', Pharmaceuticalshttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/11/4/134. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The molecular identities of the calcium-permeant channels that underlie the initiation of embryonic development are not established.
Ingrid Carvacho, Hoi Chang Lee, Rafael A. Fissore, David E. Clapham 2013, 'TRPV3 Channels Mediate Strontium-Induced Mouse-Egg Activation', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124713006566. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)