the sequence of metabolic reactions by which glucose is synthesized, esp in the liver, from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, pyruvic acid, or glycerol
Also called: glyconeogenesis
gluconeogenesis in American English
(ˌɡluːkouˌniəˈdʒenəsɪs)
noun
Biochemistry
glucose formation in animals from a noncarbohydrate source, as from proteins or fats
[1910–15; gluco- + neo- + -genesis]This word is first recorded in the period 1910–15. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: homeroom, insulin, isotope, payoff, zingneo- is a combining form meaning “new,” “recent,” “revived,” “modified,” used in the formationof compound words. Other words that use the affix neo- include: Neolithic, neo-Darwinism, neoarsphenamine, neoorthodoxy, neophyte
Examples of 'gluconeogenesis' in a sentence
gluconeogenesis
There was no change in circulating glucagon levels or gluconeogenesis.
Dana M. Niedowicz, Sabire Özcan, Peter T. Nelson 2018, 'Glimepiride Administered in Chow Reversibly Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Mice', Journal of Diabetes Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1251345. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Low-frequency ultrasound reduces the glucagon secretion and thereby positively affects the hepatic gluconeogenesis.
YE.E. LAVRINENKO 2013, 'Low-Frequency Ultrasound Therapy in Combination Treatment of Patients with Type 2Diabetes Mellitus', Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnalhttp://iej.zaslavsky.com.ua/article/view/84315. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Metformin lowers diabetic blood glucose primarily by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral glucose uptake.
Ingmar Lundquist, Israa Mohammed Al-Amily, Sandra Meidute Abaraviciene, Albert Salehi 2016, 'Metformin Ameliorates Dysfunctional Traits of Glibenclamide- and Glucose-Induced InsulinSecretion by Suppression of Imposed Overactivity of the Islet Nitric Oxide Synthase-NOSystem.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5098820?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Consistent pathways are glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate, purine and arginine and proline metabolism.
Yufeng Jane Tseng, Wen-Mei Fu, Ching-Hua Kuo, San-Yuan Wang, Yeu-Chern Harn, Tsung-JungHo, I-Lin Tsai, Tien-Chueh Kuo 2013, 'Metabolomic Dynamic Analysis of Hypoxia in MDA-MB-231 and the Comparison with InferredMetabolites from Transcriptomics Data', Cancershttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/5/2/491. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Renal gluconeogenesis prevents hypoglycemia by releasing glucose into the blood stream.
Leszek Szablewski 2017, 'Distribution of glucose transporters in renal diseases', Journal of Biomedical Sciencehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12929-017-0371-7. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This effect could be mediated through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Gaël Ennequin, Nathalie Boisseau, Kevin Caillaud, Vivien Chavanelle, Monique Etienne,Xinyan Li, Pascal Sirvent 2015, 'Neuregulin 1 Improves Glucose Tolerance in db/db Mice.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4521942?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Thus, it may affect glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis with changes in liver glycogen and circulating glucose.
Porphirio José Soares Filho, Salim Kanaan, Maria Angelica Guzman-Silva 2011, 'Avaliação do glicogênio hepático correlacionado com glicose sérica em ratas castradassob tratamento com tibolona Evaluation of hepatic glycogen correlated with serum glucosein castrated rats under tibolone treatment', Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorialhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-24442011000500011. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Immediately after packing, transcripts of genes related to both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis were induced.
Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri, Jorge M. O. Fernandes, Viswanath Kiron 2013, 'Liver Transcriptome Changes in Zebrafish during Acclimation to Transport-AssociatedStress', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0065028. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Ingestion of pure fructose stimulates de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis.
Fanny Theytaz, Sara de Giorgi, Leanne Hodson, Nathalie Stefanoni, Valentine Rey, PhilippeSchneiter, Vittorio Giusti, Luc Tappy 2014, 'Metabolic Fate of Fructose Ingested with and without Glucose in a Mixed Meal', Nutrientshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/7/2632. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It also catalyses the anabolic conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis.
Burnell Jim N 2010, 'Cloning and characterization of Escherichia coli DUF299: a bifunctional ADP-dependentkinase - Pi-dependent pyrophosphorylase from bacteria', BMC Biochemistryhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2091/11/1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)