[1955–60; ‹ L]This word is first recorded in the period 1955–60. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: backgrounder, cassette, new wave, opioid, rite of passage
Examples of 'pilus' in a sentence
pilus
We found two pilus biogenesis gene clusters encoded within predicted pathogenicity islands.
Mohammad J Hossain, Geoffrey C Waldbieser, Dawei Sun, Nancy K Capps, William B Hemstreet,Kristen Carlisle, Matt J Griffin, Lester Khoo, Andrew E Goodwin, Tad S Sonstegard,Steven Schroeder, Karl Hayden, Joseph C Newton, Jeffery S Terhune, Mark R Liles 2013, 'Implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolatesof epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3835674?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A number of advanced experimental techniques have been used to understand pilus growth.
Diana C F Monteiro, Wilfride V Petnga Kamdoum, Emanuele Paci 2013, 'Growth kinetics of bacterial pili from pairwise pilin association rates.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3647068?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A set of low abundance minor pilins influences pilus dynamics by unknown mechanisms.
Dixon Ng, Tony Harn, Tuba Altindal, Subramania Kolappan, Jarrad M Marles, Rajan Lala,Ingrid Spielman, Yang Gao, Caitlyn A Hauke, Gabriela Kovacikova, Zia Verjee, RonaldK Taylor, Nicolas Biais, Lisa Craig 2016, 'The Vibrio cholerae Minor Pilin TcpB Initiates Assembly and Retraction of the Toxin-CoregulatedPilus.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5207764?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Remarkably, antibodies directed against pilus proteins can prevent the formation of biofilms.
Imma eMargarit, Roberto eRosini 2015, 'Biofilm formation by Streptococcus agalactiae: influence of environmental conditionsand implicated virulence factors', Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00006/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Bacterial nanowires are pilus filament based structures that can conduct electrons.
D. Jeya Sundara Sharmila1 *, J. Jino Blessy1, K. S. Subramanian1, K. Gunasekaran1, Sivakumar Uthandi2 2017, 'MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DYNAMICS STUDIES ON THE PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS OF ELECTRICALLYACTIVE PILIN NANOWIRES OF GEOBACTER SULFURREDUCENS.', Journal of Proteins and Proteomicshttp://www.jpp.org.in/index.php/jpp/article/view/226/163. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, this structure exists in the absence of the pilus filament.
Chengyun Li, Regina A Wallace, Wesley P Black, Yue-zhong Li, Zhaomin Yang 2013, 'Type IV pilus proteins form an integrated structure extending from the cytoplasm tothe outer membrane.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3724824?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Molecular serotyping and pilus island typing of those isolates did not differentiate between populations isolated from different host species.
Ulrike Lyhs, Laura Kulkas, Jørgen Katholm, Karin Persson Waller, Kerttu Saha, RichardJ. Tomusk, Ruth N. Zadoks 2016, 'Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype IV in Humans and Cattle, Northern Europe', Emerging Infectious Diseaseshttps://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/12/15-1447_article. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Electron microscopy showed that the over-expression of the pilus gene cluster leads to appendices on the cell surfaces.
Mariya Tarazanova, Marke Beerthuyzen, Roland Siezen, Marcela M Fernandez-Gutierrez,Anne de Jong, Sjoerd van der Meulen, Jan Kok, Herwig Bachmann 2016, 'Plasmid Complement of Lactococcus lactis NCDO712 Reveals a Novel Pilus Gene Cluster.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5152845?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This suggests that the pneumococcal pilus may play a role in adherence during infections such as meningitis and pneumonia.
Jenny A Herbert, Andrea M Mitchell, Timothy J Mitchell 2015, 'A Serine-Threonine Kinase (StkP) Regulates Expression of the Pneumococcal Pilus andModulates Bacterial Adherence to Human Epithelial and Endothelial Cells In Vitro.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4474723?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)