However, double-level lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are rare.
Shengtao Zhang, Conglin Ye, Qi Lai, Xiaolong Yu, Xuqiang Liu, Tao Nie, Haibo Zhan,Min Dai, Bin Zhang 2018, 'Double-level lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: A retrospective study', Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Researchhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13018-018-0723-3. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis were observed in 8.6% and 13% of them, respectively.
Mahsa Layegh, Ebrahim Hejazian 2017, 'Prevalence of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Patients Afflicted with ChronicBack Pain in Babol City, Iran, during 2012 and 2013', Iranian Journal of Neurosurgeryhttp://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-83-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These biases suggest hereditary predisposition as an etiology of spondylolysis.
Takashi Yurube, Kenichiro Kakutani, Koji Okamoto, Michihiko Manabe, Koichiro Maeno,Masaho Yoshikawa, Norihide Sha, Ryosuke Kuroda, Kotaro Nishida 2017, 'Lumbar spondylolysis: A report of four cases from two generations of a family', Journal of Orthopaedic Surgeryhttps://doi.org/10.1177/2309499017713917. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In 11 patients with spondylolysis, the pars defect healed.
Andreas Leonidou, Panagiotis Lepetsos, Joseph Pagkalos, Konstantinos Antonis, IoannisFlieger, Eleftherios Tsiridis, Omiros Leonidou 2015, 'Treatment for Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Children', Journal of Orthopaedic Surgeryhttps://doi.org/10.1177/230949901502300326. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Herein, we report rare cases with familial occurrence of lumbar spondylolysis.
Takashi Yurube, Kenichiro Kakutani, Koji Okamoto, Michihiko Manabe, Koichiro Maeno,Masaho Yoshikawa, Norihide Sha, Ryosuke Kuroda, Kotaro Nishida 2017, 'Lumbar spondylolysis: A report of four cases from two generations of a family', Journal of Orthopaedic Surgeryhttps://doi.org/10.1177/2309499017713917. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
None of the spondylolysis progressed to spondylolisthesis.
Andreas Leonidou, Panagiotis Lepetsos, Joseph Pagkalos, Konstantinos Antonis, IoannisFlieger, Eleftherios Tsiridis, Omiros Leonidou 2015, 'Treatment for Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Children', Journal of Orthopaedic Surgeryhttps://doi.org/10.1177/230949901502300326. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Most unilateral pedicle stress fractures occur on the contralateral side of patients with unilateral spondylolysis.
Keishi Maruo, Toshiya Tachibana, Shinichi Inoue, Fumihiro Arizumi, Shinichi Yoshiya 2015, 'Unilateral Pedicle Stress Fracture in a Long-Term Hemodialysis Patient with IsthmicSpondylolisthesis', Case Reports in Orthopedicshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/426940. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis due to this instability could lead to back pain.
I Shadani, N Rahmani, MA Mohseni bandepei, S A Basampour 2015, 'Evaluation of the Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis:A Systematic Review of Previous Studies', Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Bābulhttp://jbums.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1170-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, there are few reports of unilateral pedicle stress fractures in patientswith bilateral spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
Keishi Maruo, Toshiya Tachibana, Shinichi Inoue, Fumihiro Arizumi, Shinichi Yoshiya 2015, 'Unilateral Pedicle Stress Fracture in a Long-Term Hemodialysis Patient with IsthmicSpondylolisthesis', Case Reports in Orthopedicshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/426940. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)