the material that forms the durable, chemically stable outer layer on spores and pollen grains
Examples of 'sporopollenin' in a sentence
sporopollenin
The sporopollenin exine surface possesses phenolic, alkane, alkene, ketone, lactone and carboxylic acid groups.
Grahame eMackenzie, Grahame eMackenzie, Andrew N Boa, Alberto Diego Taboada, StephenL. Atkin, Thozhukat eSathyapalan 2015, 'Sporopollenin, the least known yet toughest natural biopolymer', Frontiers in Materialshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmats.2015.00066/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This resulted in the failed deposition of sporopollenin on the pollen resulting in sterility.
Miaomiao Xing, Chao Sun, Hailong Li, Shilin Hu, Lei Lei, Jungen Kang 2018, 'Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome changes related to the Ogura cytoplasmicmale sterility in cabbage.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5846740?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Also, the presence of the phenolic groups on sporopollenin endows it with antioxidant activity.
Grahame eMackenzie, Grahame eMackenzie, Andrew N Boa, Alberto Diego Taboada, StephenL. Atkin, Thozhukat eSathyapalan 2015, 'Sporopollenin, the least known yet toughest natural biopolymer', Frontiers in Materialshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmats.2015.00066/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Any nutrition that the yeast garners from the pollen therefore leaves sporopollenin intact.
Crystal A. Dozier 2016, 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Effects on Pollen: Archaeological Implications',Ethnobiology Lettershttp://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/573. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Results indicate that significant defunctionalisation and aromatization affect the molecular structure of sporopollenin with increasing temperature.
S. Bernard, K. Benzerara, O. Beyssac, E. Balan, G.E. Brown Jr. 2015, 'Evolution of the macromolecular structure of sporopollenin during thermal degradation',Heliyonhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844015301444. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the pollen wall synthesis network, several candidate genes involved in the sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway were efficiently identified.
Koichiro Aya, Go Suzuki, Keita Suwabe, Tokunori Hobo, Hirokazu Takahashi, KatsuhiroShiono, Kentaro Yano, Nobuhiro Tsutsumi, Mikio Nakazono, Yoshiaki Nagamura, MakotoMatsuoka, Masao Watanabe 2011, 'Comprehensive network analysis of anther-expressed genes in rice by the combinationof 33 laser microdissection and 143 spatiotemporal microarrays.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3202526?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Microalgal cells are difficult to disrupt due to polymers within their cell wall such as algaenan and sporopollenin.
Rahul Vijay Kapoore, Thomas O. Butler, Jagroop Pandhal, Seetharaman Vaidyanathan 2018, 'Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Microalgae: From Biofuels to Biorefinery', Biologyhttp://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/7/1/18. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)