Ancestral state reconstructions are equally consistent with both morphological and molecular hypotheses of squamate phylogeny.
Tomasz Skawiński, Bartosz Borczyk 2017, 'Evolution of developmental sequences in lepidosaurs', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/3262.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are a pivotal group whose relationships have become increasingly controversial.
Tod W. Reeder, Ted M. Townsend, Daniel G. Mulcahy, Brice P. Noonan, Perry L. Wood,Jack W. Sites, John J. Wiens 2015, 'Integrated Analyses Resolve Conflicts over Squamate Reptile Phylogeny and Reveal UnexpectedPlacements for Fossil Taxa', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0118199. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We recorded 11 squamate species (6 lizards; 5 snakes).
Sara Balouch, Muhammad Rais, Iftikhar Hussain, Ayesha Akram 2016, 'Squamate diversity in different croplands of district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan',Journal of King Saud University: Sciencehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364716000033. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These results support the previously proposed hypothesis of karyotype evolution in squamate reptiles.
Kornsorn Srikulnath, Bhumika Azad, Worapong Singchat, Tariq Ezaz 2019, 'Distribution and amplification of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) in Australiandragon lizards support frequent chromosome fusions in Iguania', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0212683. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Nature along with evolution has successfully provided such a surface structure in squamatereptiles.
Jishnu Pradap Pradap, Kalayarasan M., Muthu Dhanu Shanth, Prasanth Kumar T. S., PrasanthA. S., Naveen A., Ilanthirayan Pachaiyappan 2018, 'Investigations on anisotropic frictional response on different types of shed snake'sskin', Jurnal Tribologihttp://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v18/JT-18-97-107.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Results achieved are compared and discussed with the available knowledge of other squamate lineages.
Arias, Federico, Lobo, Fernando 2006, 'Patrones de osificación en Tupinambis merianae y Tupinambis rufescens (Squamata: Teiidae)y patrones generales en Squamata', Cuadernos de Herpetologíahttp://www.aha.org.ar/es/cuadherpetol/patrones-de-osificacion-en-tupinambis-merianae-y-tupinambis-rufescens-squamata-teiidae-y-patrones-generales-en-squamata.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Despite this, relatively few studies have assessed the utility of other types of data for inferring squamate phylogeny.
Tomasz Skawiński, Bartosz Borczyk 2017, 'Evolution of developmental sequences in lepidosaurs', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/3262.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, mainly due to technical obstacles, squamate reptiles have been the target of few barcoding studies.
Oliver Hawlitschek, Zoltán T. Nagy, Johannes Berger, Frank Glaw 2013, 'Reliable DNA Barcoding Performance Proved for Species and Island Populations of ComoranSquamate Reptiles', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0073368. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The studies assessing the position of mosasauroids on the squamate evolutionary treeand their origins have long given conflicting results.
Daniel Madzia, Andrea Cau 2017, 'Inferring ‘weak spots' in phylogenetic trees: application to mosasauroid nomenclature',PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/3782.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We found 64 species of squamate reptiles including 35 species of snakes, 25 of lizardsand four of amphisbaenians.
Marco Freitas, Diogo Veríssimo, Vivian Uhlig 2012, 'Squamate Reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with a focus on the municipalityof Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil', Check Listhttps://checklist.pensoft.net/article/18342/download/pdf/. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)