a collection of ribosomes, probably connected by a single thread of RNA, in which protein synthesis occurs
Word origin
poly- + -some3
polysome in American English
(ˈpɑliˌsoum)
noun
Biology
a complex of ribosomes strung along a single strand of messenger RNA that translates the genetic information coded in the messenger RNA during protein synthesis
Also called: polyribosome
Word origin
[1960–65; poly- + (ribo)some]This word is first recorded in the period 1960–65. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: bicycle kick, deinstitutionalize, go-go, pop art, tag questionpoly- is a combining form with the meanings “much, many” and, in chemistry, “polymeric,”used in the formation of compound words. Other words that use the affix poly- include: polyandrous, polyculture, polyethylene
Examples of 'polysome' in a sentence
polysome
Analysis of polysome profiles showed disassembly of the polysomes in the presence of vanillin.
Aya Iwaki, Shinsuke Ohnuki, Yohei Suga, Shingo Izawa, Yoshikazu Ohya 2013, 'Vanillin Inhibits Translation and Induces Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) GranuleFormation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Application and Validation of High-Content,Image-Based Profiling', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0061748. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Both mutants exhibited ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency and polysome defects.
Sharon A Singh, Tracie A Goldberg, Adrianna L Henson, Sehba Husain-Krautter, AbdallahNihrane, Lionel Blanc, Steven R Ellis, Jeffrey M Lipton, Johnson M Liu 2014, 'p53-Independent cell cycle and erythroid differentiation defects in murine embryonicstem cells haploinsufficient for Diamond Blackfan anemia-proteins: RPS19 versus RPL5.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3928369?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
For transcripts involved in translation, the polysome size reached a maximum of 18 ribosomes.
Picard Flora, Milhem Hélène, Loubière Pascal, Laurent Béatrice, Cocaign-Bousquet Muriel,Girbal Laurence 2012, 'Bacterial translational regulations: high diversity between all mRNAs and major rolein gene expression', BMC Genomicshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/528. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Electron microscopy and polysome fractionation revealed a general decrease in translational efficiency.
Trumpp Andreas, Schwarb Patrick, Stoelzle Tina, Hynes Nancy E 2009, 'c-Myc affects mRNA translation, cell proliferation and progenitor cell function inthe mammary gland', BMC Biologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/63. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Polysome analysis showed a drastic decrease in polysomes in the arrested cells.
Terry K Smith, Nadina Vasileva, Eva Gluenz, Stephen Terry, Neil Portman, Susanne Kramer,Mark Carrington, Shulamit Michaeli, Keith Gull, Gloria Rudenko 2009, 'Blocking variant surface glycoprotein synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei triggers a generalarrest in translation initiation.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2762041?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, renal polysome profiles returned to normal in adults after early exposure to molsidomine.
Sebastiaan eWesseling, Paul B. Essers, Maarten P. Koeners, Tamara C. Pereboom, BrankoeBraam, Branko eBraam, Ernst E. van Faassen, Alyson W. MacInnes, Jaap A. Joles 2011, 'Perinatal exogenous nitric oxide in fawn-hooded hypertensive rats reduces renal ribosomalbiogenesis in early life', Frontiers in Geneticshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2011.00052/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
From the results of mutational and polysome profile analyses, we propose the following explanation for these effects.
Yi-Hsuan Wu, Janet Taggart, Pamela Xiyao Song, Colin MacDiarmid, David J. Eide 2016, 'An MSC2 Promoter-lacZ Fusion Gene Reveals Zinc-Responsive Changes in Sites of TranscriptionInitiation That Occur across the Yeast Genome', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0163256. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
To confirm that vanillin inhibited ribosomal function, we assessed polysome and messenger ribonucleoprotein granule formation after treatment with vanillin.
Aya Iwaki, Shinsuke Ohnuki, Yohei Suga, Shingo Izawa, Yoshikazu Ohya 2013, 'Vanillin inhibits translation and induces messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granuleformation in saccharomyces cerevisiae: application and validation of high-content,image-based profiling.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3634847?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It combines hypertonic shock, polysome fractionation and high-throughput analysis to provide a molecular phenotype of translationally responsive transcripts.
Jaquier-Gubler Pascale, Maillard Laetitia, Araud Tanguy, Genolet Raphael, Curran Joseph 2008, 'An approach to analyse the specific impact of rapamycin on mRNA-ribosome association',BMC Medical Genomicshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1755-8794/1/33. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In contrast, immediate early gene viral transcripts were detected in polysome fractions isolated from control cells.
Natalia Cheshenko, Janie B Trepanier, Theodore J Segarra, A Oveta Fuller, Betsy CHerold 2010, 'HSV usurps eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit M for viral protein translation:novel prevention target.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2910742?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)