toil

hardworking

laborious

biting ⇒ 这篇文章对官僚主义作风进行了辛辣的讽刺。 Zhè piān wénzhāng duì guānliáo zhǔyì zuòfēng jìnxíngle xīnlà de fěngcì. → This piece is a biting satire on bureaucracy.

bitter

endure hardship ⇒ 她含辛茹苦地养大了5个孩子。 Tā hán xīn rú kǔ de yǎngdàle wǔ gè háizi. → She endured a lot of hardship bringing up her five children.