Hidajet Paçarizi, Luljeta Begolli, Shefqet Lulaj, Zana Gafurri 2012, 'Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine index is a predictor of prerenal damage in preeclampsia',Journal of Health Scienceshttps://www.jhsci.ba/ojs/index.php/jhsci/article/view/84. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Depending on etiology of proteinuria it can be prerenal, renal and postrenal.
Stojimirović Biljana B., Petrović Dejan 2004, 'Proteinuria: The diagnostic strategy based on urine proteins differentiation', Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvohttp://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2004/0370-81790404127S.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Prerenal injuries arise primarily due to renal hypoperfusion.
McDaniel BL, Bentley ML 2015, 'The role of medications and their management in acute kidney injury', Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practicehttps://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-medications-and-their-management-in-acute-kidney-injury-peer-reviewed-article-IPRP. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Virtually all cases were in the context of prerenal acute kidney failure.
José María Peña Porta, Hilda Mercedes Villafuerte Ledesma, Carmen Vicente de VeraFloristán, Ana Ferrer Dufol, Tránsito Salvador Gómez, Rafael Álvarez Lipe 2019, 'Incidence, factors related to presentation, course and mortality of metformin-associatedlactic acidosis in the healthcare area of a tertiary hospital', Nefrología (English Edition)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2013251419300136. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Protocols need to be developed to systematically manage prerenal conditions and specific infections.
Philip Kam Tao Li, Emmanuel A Burdmann, Ravindra L Mehta 2013, 'Acute kidney injury: Global health alert', Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantationhttp://www.sjkdt.org/article.asp?issn=1319-2442;year=2013;volume=24;issue=2;spage=345;epage=350;aulast=Li. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Laboratory and radiological findings indicated acute intestinal obstruction and prerenal failure.
Manami Mizumoto, Fumihiro Ochi, Toshihiro Jogamoto, Kentaro Okamoto, Mitsumasa Fukuda,Toshifumi Yamauchi, Toyohisa Miyata, Ryo Tashiro, Mariko Eguchi, Riko Kitazawa, EiichiIshii 2019, 'Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia Rescued by Immediate Surgical Exploration in a Boywith Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability', Case Reports in Pediatricshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5354074. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The primary causes of acute kidney injury are divided into three categories: prerenal, intrinsic renal and postrenal.
Yavuzer Koza 2016, 'Acute kidney injury: current concepts and new insights', Journal of Injury and Violence Researchhttp://jivresearch.org/jivr/index.php/jivr/article/view/610. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mortality was lower in prerenal azotemia compared to hepatorenal syndrome (p=0.05) and acute tubular necrosis (p=0.04).
Andrew S. Allegretti, Guillermo Ortiz, Julia Wenger, Joseph J. Deferio, Joshua Wibecan,Sahir Kalim, Hector Tamez, Raymond T. Chung, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Ravi I. Thadhani 2015, 'Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Patients with Cirrhosis:A Prospective Cohort Study', International Journal of Nephrologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/108139. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
On presentation, the patient had orthostatic hypotension associated with prerenal azotemia for which olmesartan(40 mg/day) was held.
Stephanie E. Dreifuss, Yutaka Tomizawa, Nicholas J. Farber, Jon M. Davison, Adam E.Sohnen 2013, 'Spruelike Enteropathy Associated with Olmesartan: An Unusual Case of Severe Diarrhea',Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/618071. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)