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单词 abstract
释义

abstract

(æbstrækt)
Word forms: plural, 3rd person singular presenttense, plural abstracts, present participle abstracting, past tense, past participle abstractedpronunciation note: The adjective and noun are pronounced (æbstrækt). The verb is pronounced (æbstrækt).
1. adjective
An abstract idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than on real things and events.
...abstract principles such as justice.
It's not a question of some abstract concept.
...the faculty of abstract reasoning.
abstractly adverb
It is hard to think abstractly in these conditions.
2. 
See in the abstract
3. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun]
In grammar, an abstract noun refers to a quality or idea rather than to a physical object.
...abstract words such as glory, honor, and courage.
4. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Abstract art makes use of shapes and patterns rather than showing people or things.
...a modern abstract painting.
Synonyms: symbolic, figurative, emblematic, impressionistic More Synonyms of abstract
5. countable noun
An abstract is an abstract work of art.
6. countable noun
An abstract of an article, document, or speech is a short piece of writing that gives the main points of it.
7. verb
If you abstract something from a place, you take it from there.
[formal]
...a licence to abstract water from the River Axe. [VERB noun from noun]
The author has abstracted poems from earlier books. [VERB noun from noun]
[Also VERB noun]
Synonyms: extract, draw, pull, remove More Synonyms of abstract
More Synonyms of abstract

abstract in British English

adjective (ˈæbstrækt)
1. 
having no reference to material objects or specific examples; not concrete
2. 
not applied or practical; theoretical
3. 
hard to understand; recondite; abstruse
4. 
denoting art characterized by geometric, formalized, or otherwise nonrepresentational qualities
5. 
defined in terms of its formal properties
an abstract machine
6.  philosophy
(of an idea) functioning for some empiricists as the meaning of a general term
noun (ˈæbstrækt)
7. 
a condensed version of a piece of writing, speech, etc; summary
8. 
an abstract term or idea
9. 
an abstract painting, sculpture, etc
10.  in the abstract
verb (æbˈstrækt) (transitive)
11. 
to think of (a quality or concept) generally without reference to a specific example; regard theoretically
12. 
to form (a general idea) by abstraction
13. (ˈæbstrækt) (also intr)
to summarize or epitomize
14. 
to remove or extract
15.  euphemistic
to steal
Word origin
C14: (in the sense: extracted): from Latin abstractus drawn off, removed from (something specific), from abs- ab-1 + trahere to draw

abstract in American English

( for adj., æbˈstrækt; ˈæbˌstrækt; for 6 & 11, ˈæbˌstrækt; for 7, ˈæbˌstrækt; æbˈstrækt; for 8, 9, & 10, æbˈstrækt)
adjective
1. 
thought of apart from any particular instances or material objects; not concrete
2. 
expressing a quality thought of apart from any particular or material object
beauty is an abstract word
3. 
not easy to understand because of being extremely complex, remote from concrete reality, etc.; abstruse
4. 
theoretical; not practical or applied
5. 
designating or of art abstracted from reality, in which designs or forms may be definite and geometric or fluid and amorphous
a generic term that encompasses various nonrealistic contemporary schools
noun
6. 
a brief statement of the essential content of a book, article, speech, court record, etc.; summary
7. 
an abstract thing, condition, idea, etc.
verb transitive
8. 
to take away; remove
9. 
to take dishonestly; steal
10. 
to think of (a quality) apart from any particular instance or material object thathas it; also, to form (a general idea) from particular instances
11. 
to summarize; make an abstract of
SIMILAR WORDS:  aˈbridgment
Idioms:
in the abstract
Derived forms
abstracter (abˈstracter)
noun
abstractly (abˈstractly)
adverb
abstractness (abˈstractness)
noun
Word origin
< L abstractus, pp. of abstrahere, to draw from, separate < ab(s)-, from + trahere, to draw

Examples of 'abstract' in a sentence
abstract

Words could help, yes, but only when death was long past, abstract.
Telushkin, Josef THE UNORTHODOX MURDER OF RABBI MOSS
In fact, mathematics could be regarded as a highly abstract, formal language which was merely a part of the universal syntax.
Zindell, David THE BROKEN GOD
No, no, my friend, the only reason for you to betray us would be out of the abstract love of justice.

In other languages
abstract

British English: abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ ADJECTIVE
An abstract idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than on real things and events.
...abstract principles such as justice.
  • American English: abstract
  • Arabic: نَظَرِيّ
  • Brazilian Portuguese: abstrato
  • Chinese: 抽象的
  • Croatian: apstraktan
  • Czech: abstraktní
  • Danish: abstrakt
  • Dutch: abstract
  • European Spanish: abstracto
  • Finnish: abstrakti
  • French: abstrait
  • German: abstrakt
  • Greek: θεωρητικός
  • Italian: astratto
  • Japanese: 抽象的な
  • Korean: 추상적인
  • Norwegian: abstrakt
  • Polish: abstrakcyjny
  • European Portuguese: abstracto
  • Romanian: abstract
  • Russian: абстрактный
  • Latin American Spanish: abstracto
  • Swedish: abstrakt diffus
  • Thai: ที่เป็นนามธรรม
  • Turkish: soyut
  • Ukrainian: абстрактний
  • Vietnamese: trừu tượng
British English: abstract NOUN
An abstract is an abstract work of art.
His abstracts are held in numerous collections.
  • American English: abstract
  • Brazilian Portuguese: abstrato
  • Chinese: 抽象作品
  • European Spanish: cuadro abstracto
  • French: résumé
  • German: abstraktes Kunstwerk
  • Italian: opera astratta
  • Japanese: 抽象芸術作品
  • Korean: 추상화
  • European Portuguese: abstrato
  • Latin American Spanish: cuadro abstracto

All related terms of 'abstract'

abstract noun
a noun that refers to an abstract concept , as for example kindness
abstract number
a number that does not designate the quantity of any particular kind of thing
abstract expressionism
a school of painting in New York in the 1940s that combined the spontaneity of expressionism with abstract forms in unpremeditated , apparently random , compositions
abstract of title
a summary of the ownership of land, showing the original grant , conveyances , and any incumbrances
in the abstract
When you talk or think about something in the abstract , you talk or think about it in a general way, rather than considering particular things or events.
abstract of accounts
a published condensed summary of a company or organization's annual accounts

Chinese translation of 'abstract'

abstract

(adjnˈæbstrækt; vbæbˈstrækt)

adj

  1. [idea, quality] 抽象的 (chōuxiàng de)
  2. (Art) 抽象派的 (Chōuxiàngpài de)
  3. (Ling) [noun] 抽象的 (chōuxiàng de)

n (c)

  1. (= summary) 摘要 (zhāiyào)

vt

  1. (frm)
    to abstract sth (from) (从(從) ... 中)抽取某物 ((cóng ... zhōng) chōuqǔ mǒuwù)
in the abstract 抽象地 (chōuxiàng de)
1 (adjective) 
Definition
not applied or practical
starting with a few abstract principles
Synonyms
theoretical
theoretical physics
general
complex
academic
These arguments are purely academic.
intellectual
subtle
profound
a book full of profound and challenging insights
philosophical
a philosophical discourse
speculative
He has written a speculative biography of Christopher Marlowe.
unrealistic
conceptual
indefinite
deep
a deep, dark secret
separate
occult
hypothetical
a purely hypothetical question
generalized
impractical
arcane
notional
the notional value of assets
abstruse
Meetings keep reverting to discussions about abstruse resolutions.
recondite
Her poems are recondite in subject matter.
theoretic
conjectural
There is something undeniably conjectural about such claims.
unpractical
nonconcrete
Opposites
real
,
material
,
specific
,
actual
,
concrete
,
definite
,
factual
2 (adjective) 
Definition
of art in which the subject is represented by shapes and patterns rather than by a realistic likeness
a modern abstract painting
Synonyms
symbolic
The move today was largely symbolic.
figurative
both the literal and figurative sense
emblematic
Dogs are emblematic of faithfulness.
impressionistic
non-representational
(noun) 
Definition
a summary
If you want to submit a paper, you must supply an abstract.
Synonyms
summary
Here's a summary of the day's news.
résumé
I will leave you a résumé of his speech.
outline
There follows an outline of the survey findings.
extract
He read us an extract from his latest novel.
essence
summing-up
digest
a regular digest of environmental statistics
epitome
rundown
Here's a rundown of the options.
condensation
a condensation of a book that offers ten ways to be a better manager
compendium
His book is a delightful compendium of miscellaneous knowledge.
synopsis
For each title there is a brief synopsis of the book.
précis
a nine-page précis of the manuscript
recapitulation
review
abridgment
The issue of abridgment is in the author's hands.
Opposites
expansion
,
enlargement
1 (verb) 
Definition
to remove or extract
The author has abstracted poems from earlier books.
Synonyms
extract
He extracted a small notebook from his pocket.
draw
He drew his dagger.
pull
Wes was in the yard pulling weeds when we drove up.
remove
Remove the cake from the oven.
separate
Police moved in to separate the two groups.
withdraw
Cassandra withdrew her hand from Roger's.
He reached into his pocket and withdrew a piece of paper.
isolate
This policy could isolate members from the UN security council.
pull out
take out
take away
detach
Gerda gently detached her wrists from her friend's fingers.
dissociate
how to dissociate emotion from reason
pluck out
Opposites
add
, combine,
inject
2 (verb) 
Definition
to summarize
Synonyms
summarize
To summarize, this is a clever approach to a common problem.
outline
The methods outlined in this book are only suggestions.
digest
shorten
The day surgery will help to shorten waiting lists.
condense
The English translation has been condensed into a single more readable book.
abbreviate
He abbreviated his first name to Alec.
epitomize
abridge
We don't abridge any of the stories we publish.
précis
a cleverly precised distillation of everything he had written
synopsize (US)

Additional synonyms

in the sense of abbreviate
Definition
to cut short
He abbreviated his first name to Alec.
Synonyms
shorten,
reduce,
contract,
trim,
cut,
clip,
abstract,
digest,
prune,
summarize,
compress,
curtail,
condense,
truncate,
epitomize,
abridge,
précis
in the sense of abridge
Definition
to shorten a written work by taking out parts
We don't abridge any of the stories we publish.
Synonyms
shorten,
reduce,
contract,
trim,
clip,
diminish,
decrease,
abstract,
digest,
cut down,
cut back,
cut,
prune,
concentrate,
lessen,
summarize,
compress,
curtail,
condense,
abbreviate,
truncate,
epitomize,
downsize,
précis,
synopsize (US)
in the sense of abridgment
The issue of abridgment is in the author's hands.
Synonyms
shortening,
reduction,
résumé,
outline,
restriction,
diminishing,
decrease,
limitation,
summary,
abstract,
digest,
contraction,
cutting,
lessening,
epitome,
abbreviation,
condensation,
compendium,
synopsis,
diminution,
curtailment,
précis,
conspectus (formal)

Synonyms of 'abstract'

abstract

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更新时间：2024/9/21 22:31:34