a polypeptide molecule formed in the islets of Langerhans: hydrolysis of its peptide bonds yields insulin and a biochemically inactive peptide
proinsulin in American English
(prouˈɪnsəlɪn, -ˈɪnsjə-)
noun
Biochemistry
the prohormone of insulin, converted into insulin by enzymatic removal of part of the molecule
Word origin
[1915–20; pro-1 + insulin]This word is first recorded in the period 1915–20. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: GI, camouflage, costar, decoder, stockpilepro- is a prefix indicating favor for some party, system, idea, etc., without identitywith the group (pro-British; pro-Communist; proslavery), having anti- as its opposite
Examples of 'proinsulin' in a sentence
proinsulin
Glucose response remained normal in proinsulin biosynthesis but was impaired for insulin secretion.
Qingxin Yuan, Wei Tang, Xiaoping Zhang, Jack A. Hinson, Chao Liu, Kwame Osei, JieWang 2012, 'Proinsulin Atypical Maturation and Disposal Induces Extensive Defects in Mouse Ins2+/Akitaβ-Cells', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0035098. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
At day 7 islet insulin content decreased and the proinsulin to insulin content ratio doubled.
Kirsten Roomp, Hjalti Kristinsson, Domitille Schvartz, Kumari Ubhayasekera, ErnestSargsyan, Levon Manukyan, Azazul Chowdhury, Hannes Manell, Venkata Satagopam, KarlfriedGroebe, Reinhard Schneider, Jonas Bergquist, Jean-Charles Sanchez, Peter Bergsten 2017, 'Combined lipidomic and proteomic analysis of isolated human islets exposed to palmitatereveals time-dependent changes in insulin secretion and lipid metabolism.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5407795?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
First, proinsulin forms inclusion bodies during bacterial expression.
Robert B. Mackin 2014, 'Alternative preparation of inclusion bodies excludes interfering non-protein contaminantsand improves the yield of recombinant proinsulin', MethodsXhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016114200483. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The proinsulin/insulin ratio was used as an indicator of abnormal ß-cell function.
R. Coifman, I.S. Dalbosco, E.M.K. Russo, R.S. Moisés 1999, 'Specific insulin and proinsulin in normal glucose tolerant first-degree relativesof NIDDM patients', Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Researchhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000100010. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Laboratory results showed elevated proinsulin, insulin levels, and c-peptide levels during a hypoglycemic episode.
Anoopa A. Koshy MD, Ilyssa O. Gordon PhD, Thuong G. Van Ha MD, Edwin L. Kaplan MD,Louis H. Philipson MD, PhD 2013, 'Metastatic Insulinoma Following Resection of Nonsecreting Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor',Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1177/2324709612473274. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The proinsulin-to-insulin ratio was calculated.
Engel A, Helfrich J, Manderscheid N, Musholt PB, Forst T, Pfützner A, DahmenN 2011, 'Investigation of insulin resistance in narcoleptic patients: dependent or independentof body mass index?', Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatmenthttp://www.dovepress.com/investigation-of-insulin-resistance-in-narcoleptic-patients-dependent--a7622. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Then, we investigated proinsulin production.
Alessandra Puddu, Roberta Sanguineti, Arianna Durante, Alessio Nencioni, FrançoisMach, Fabrizio Montecucco, Giorgio L. Viviani 2013, 'Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Triggers Protective Pathways in Pancreatic Beta-Cells Exposedto Glycated Serum', Mediators of Inflammationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/317120. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Proinsulin and insulin levels were measured in the fasting state and 30 and 120 min after an oral glucose load.
Jagadish Vangipurapu, Alena Stančáková, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Johanna Kuusisto, MarkkuLaakso 2015, 'Both fasting and glucose-stimulated proinsulin levels predict hyperglycemia and incidenttype 2 diabetes: a population-based study of 9,396 Finnish men.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4390238?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The goal of simple, high-yield expression and purification of recombinant human proinsulin has proven to be a considerable challenge.
Robert B. Mackin 2014, 'Alternative preparation of inclusion bodies excludes interfering non-protein contaminantsand improves the yield of recombinant proinsulin', MethodsXhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016114200483. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Immunohistochemistry shows larger β-cell vesicles enriched for proinsulin, whereas smaller vesicles predominantly contain the processed mature insulin.
Stevan Pecic, Nenad Milosavic, Gina Rayat, Antonella Maffei, Paul E. Harris 2019, 'A novel optical tracer for VMAT2 applied to live cell measurements of vesicle maturationin cultured human β-cells', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-019-41891-x. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)