the presentation of statistical information in a row of diagrams using the international picture language created by Otto Neurath (1882–1945)
isotype in American English
(ˈaisəˌtaip)
noun
1.
a drawing, diagram, or other symbol that represents a specific quantity of or otherfact about the thing depicted
Every isotype of a house on that chart represents a thousand new houses
2.
a statistical graph, chart, diagram, etc., that employs such symbols
3. Biology
any of two or more separate populations of the same or a similar type
4. Immunology
any antigenic determinant that is common to all individuals in a species
Word origin
[1880–85; iso- + type]This word is first recorded in the period 1880–85. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: Chief of Staff, automatism, highball, interface, regionalismiso- is a combining form meaning “equal,” used in the formation of compound words (isochromatic). In chemistry, iso- is used in the names of substances which are isomeric with the substance denotedby the base word (isocyanic acid). Other words that use the affix iso- include: isoelectronic, isomorphous, isoprene, isostasy, isotope
Examples of 'isotype' in a sentence
isotype
The eluted antibodies were analysed regarding their isotype and lytic activity.
Harumi A. Takehara, Diva F. Cardoso, Ana M.M. da Silva, I. Mota 1988, 'Lytic antibodies elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi infection recognize epitopes presenton both bloodstream trypomastigote and epimastigote forms of parasite', Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulohttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46651988000500004&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Both genes lie in tandem along the immunoglobulin isotype switching and secretion pathway.
Rohan Ameratunga, Rohan Ameratunga, See-Tarn Woon, Vanessa L. Bryant, Vanessa L. Bryant,Richard Steele, Charlotte Slade, Charlotte Slade, Euphemia Yee Leung, Klaus Lehnert 2018, 'Clinical Implications of Digenic Inheritance and Epistasis in Primary ImmunodeficiencyDisorders', Frontiers in Immunologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01965/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The isotype of both proteins was characterised as being human monoclonal lambda light chain.
Ana Lucia Nicastri, Elisa Maines Gomes, Maria José Brandão de Almeida Prado, EuthymiaBrandão de Almeida Prado 2001, 'Nephrotoxicity of Bence-Jones proteins: correlation with endocytosis by BHK cellsand intracellular movement', Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technologyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132001000200009. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
There are five type specimens among them: one holotype, one isotype and three paratypes.
Andre de Gasper, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Luis Adriano Funez, Morilo José Rigon-Jr.,Felipe Bittencourt, Carina Vieira 2014, 'Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein Herbarium (FURB), Blumenau, Southern Brazil', PhytoKeyshttp://phytokeys.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=4148. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Such antibodies with single isotype have high specificity.
Ezzat Nourizadeh 2018, 'Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies With Hybridoma Techniques Against Promastigoteof Leishmania infantum Antigens in Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis', International Journal of Enteric Pathogenshttp://enterpathog.abzums.ac.ir/PDF/ijep-6-69.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, in all settings, the turnover half-lives of alleles of the same isotype were similar.
Claudia Prevosto, M. Farooq Usmani, Sarah McDonald, Aleksandra M. Gumienny, Tim Key,Reyna S. Goodman, J. S. Hill Gaston, Michael J. Deery, Robert Busch 2016, 'Allele-Independent Turnover of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class Ia Molecules',PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0161011. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Finally, we examine hypotheses explaining the mechanisms of isotype-specific functions.
Kateřina eŠlajcherová, Jindřiška eFišerová, Lukáš eFischer, Kateřina eSchwarzerová 2012, 'Multiple actin isotypes in plants: diverse genes for diverse roles?', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00226/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Negative controls were incubated with isotype control immunoglobulin and showed negligible staining.
Stojanov Tomas, Chami Omar, Chandrakanthan Vashe, O'Neill Chris 2007, 'Variable expressivity of the tumour suppressor protein TRP53 in cryopreserved humanblastocysts', Reproductive Biology and Endocrinologyhttp://www.rbej.com/content/5/1/39. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis depends upon the target and isotype of the autoantibodies.
William D. Phillips, Angela Vincent 2016, 'Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: update on disease types, models, and mechanisms[version 1; referees: 2 approved]', F1000Researchhttp://f1000research.com/articles/5-1513/v1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We designate this isotype as lambda-2.
Sergey V. Guselnikov, Sergey V. Guselnikov, Konstantin O. Baranov, Alexander M. Najakshin,Ludmila V. Mechetina, Ludmila V. Mechetina, Nikolai A. Chikaev, Alexey I. Makunin,Sergey V. Kulemzin, Daria A. Andreyushkova, Matthias Stöck, Sven Wuertz, Jörn Gessner,Wesley C. Warren, Manfred Schartl, Manfred Schartl, Manfred Schartl, Vladimir A. Trifonov,Vladimir A. Trifonov, Alexander V. Taranin, Alexander V. Taranin 2018, 'Diversity of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Genes in Non-Teleost Ray-Finned Fish UncoversIgL Subdivision into Five Ancient Isotypes', Frontiers in Immunologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01079/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)