The juv are mainly significantly present in autumn and the adults in spring migration.
Carlo Giannella, Raffaele Gemmato 2012, 'Migration and wintering patterns of Golden Plover, Pluvialis apricaria, in the Northernpart of Modena province (Northern Italy)', Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia - Research in Ornithologyhttps://sisn.pagepress.org/index.php/rio/article/view/176. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Average breeding success was 2.5 juv/reproducing pairs.
Beraudo Pier Luigi 2018, 'Results of eighteen years (2000–2017) monitoring study of an extra-alpine PeregrineFalcon Falco peregrinus population in North-Western Italy', Ornis Hungaricahttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/orhu.2018.26.issue-2/orhu-2018-0021/orhu-2018-0021.xml?format=INT. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
There are differences on biometrics between juv (immature)/adults.
Carlo Giannella, Raffaele Gemmato 2012, 'Migration and wintering patterns of Golden Plover, Pluvialis apricaria, in the Northernpart of Modena province (Northern Italy)', Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia - Research in Ornithologyhttps://sisn.pagepress.org/index.php/rio/article/view/176. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)