We have detected α-amylase and serine protease activities in all five bruchid parasitoid species tested.
Fernando Álvarez-Alfageme, Christoph Lüthi, Jörg Romeis 2012, 'Characterization of digestive enzymes of bruchid parasitoids-initial steps for environmentalrisk assessment of genetically modified legumes.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3353970?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Direct feeding assays revealed that harmful effects of α-amylase inhibitors on bruchid parasitoids cannot be discounted and need further evaluation.
Fernando Álvarez-Alfageme, Christoph Lüthi, Jörg Romeis 2012, 'Characterization of digestive enzymes of bruchid parasitoids-initial steps for environmentalrisk assessment of genetically modified legumes.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3353970?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We also highlight the breeding constraints for developing bruchid-resistant mungbean and how can these constraints be minimized.
Abdul R. War, Surya Murugesan, Venkata N. Boddepalli, Ramasamy Srinivasan, RamakrishnanM. Nair 2017, 'Mechanism of Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] tobruchids, Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01031/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)