any of various enzymes in mammals and other organisms that are involved in the proteolysis of endogenous proteins and are regulated by the concentration of calcium ions
Word origin
C20: from cal(modulin) + (pa)pain
Examples of 'calpain' in a sentence
calpain
The cytotoxic effect of the channel opener was partially reversed by a calpain inhibitor.
Bartłomiej Augustynek, Piotr Koprowski, Daria Rotko, Wolfram S. Kunz, Adam Szewczyk,Bogusz Kulawiak 2018, 'Mitochondrial BK Channel Openers CGS7181 and CGS7184 Exhibit Cytotoxic Properties',International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/353. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Significant inverse relation between the amount/activity of calpain and spontaneous apoptosis was noted.
Anna Mikosik, Izabella Henc, Katarzyna Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska, Joanna E. Frąckowiak,Anna Płoszyńska, Anna Balcerska, Ewa Bryl, Jacek M. Witkowski 2015, 'Increased μ-Calpain Activity in Blasts of Common B-Precursor Childhood Acute LymphoblasticLeukemia Correlates with Their Lower Susceptibility to Apoptosis', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0136615. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, the exact role of the calpastatin-calpain balance in primary inflammatory cells remains unclear.
Mikiko Iguchi-Hashimoto, Takashi Usui, Hajime Yoshifuji, Masakazu Shimizu, Shio Kobayashi,Yoshinaga Ito, Kosaku Murakami, Aoi Shiomi, Naoichiro Yukawa, Daisuke Kawabata, TakakiNojima, Koichiro Ohmura, Takao Fujii, Tsuneyo Mimori 2011, 'Overexpression of a Minimal Domain of Calpastatin Suppresses IL-6 Production and Th17Development via Reduced NF-κB and Increased STAT5 Signals', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0027020. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Phylogenetic analysis determined that these six calpains come from three separate classical calpain families.
Margaret H. Hastings, Katrina Gong, Alexander Freibauer, Caitlin Courchesne, XiaotangFan, Wayne S. Sossin 2017, 'Novel calpain families and novel mechanisms for calpain regulation in Aplysia', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0186646. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Further studies are needed to shed light on this mechanism, mainly regarding specific calpain inhibitors.
Mara R. N. Celes, Lygia M. Malvestio, Sylvia O. Suadicani, Cibele M. Prado, MariaJ. Figueiredo, Erica C. Campos, Ana C. S. Freitas, David C. Spray, Herbert B. Tanowitz,João S. da Silva, Marcos A. Rossi 2013, 'Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiomyocytes Underlies Cardiac Structural andFunctional Changes in Severe Sepsis', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0068809. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Cell death induction remained unaffected by calpain, cathepsin, parthanatos, or necroptosis inhibitors.
Naira F. Z. Schneider, Claudia Cerella, Claudia Cerella, Jin-Young Lee, Aloran Mazumder,Kyung Rok Kim, Annelise de Carvalho, Jennifer Munkert, Rodrigo M. Pádua, WolfgangKreis, Kyu-Won Kim, Christo Christov, Mario Dicato, Hyun-Jung Kim, Byung Woo Han,Fernão C. Braga, Cláudia M. O. Simões, Marc Diederich 2018, 'Cardiac Glycoside Glucoevatromonoside Induces Cancer Type-Specific Cell Death', Frontiers in Pharmacologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2018.00070/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These results showed the relationship between the proteolytic activity of calpainsystem and meat tenderness.
F. M. Sarti, C. Berti, A. Mangione, V. Landi, E. Lasagna, S. Gigli, S. Failla, F.Vincenti 2010, 'The Hypertrophic Marchigiana: physical and biochemical parameters for meat qualityevaluation', Italian Journal of Animal Sciencehttp://www.aspajournal.it/index.php/ijas/article/view/1572. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, the expression level of µ-calpain but not m-calpain decreased after 10 days of storage.
E. Varricchio, M.G. Russolillo, L. Maruccio, S. Velotto, G. Campanile, M. Paolucci,F. Russo 2013, 'Immunological detection of m- and µ-calpains in the skeletal muscle of Marchigianacattle', European Journal of Histochemistryhttp://www.ejh.it/index.php/ejh/article/view/2005. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
On the contrary, m-calpain activity persisted up to 15 days of post-mortem storage.
E. Varricchio, M.G. Russolillo, L. Maruccio, S. Velotto, G. Campanile, M. Paolucci,F. Russo 2013, 'Immunological detection of m- and µ-calpains in the skeletal muscle of Marchigianacattle', European Journal of Histochemistryhttp://www.ejh.it/index.php/ejh/article/view/2005. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Kihi-to also attenuated the calpain increase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
Joyashiki Eri, Naito Rie, Tohda Chihiro 2008, 'Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25–35)-induced memory impairmentand losses of neurites and synapses', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicinehttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/49. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)