For many years, oral rinse-based cytology has been used to detect candidal colonization in microbiology.
Treville Pereira, Kashmira Kesarkar, Avinash Tamgadge, Sudhir Bhalerao, Subraj Shetty 2018, 'Comparative analysis of oral rinse-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology:A pilot study', Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeuticshttp://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-1482;year=2018;volume=14;issue=5;spage=921;epage=925;aulast=Pereira. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Three of 9 deaths were considered to be related to candidal infection.
Langley Joanne M, Hui Charles, Le Saux Nicole, Rubin Earl, Synnes Anne, Asztalos Elizabeth,Simpson Kim, O'Brien Karel, Barton Michelle, Davies H Dele, Robinson Joan L, SauveReg, de Repentigny Louis, Kovacs Lajos, Tan Ben, Richardson Susan E 2009, 'Characteristics and outcome of infants with candiduria in neonatal intensive care- a Paediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC)study', BMC Infectious Diseaseshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/183. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Saliva was collected by the oral rinse technique for the estimation of candidal counts.
Satish Kumar, S Padmashree, Rema Jayalekshmi 2014, 'Correlation of salivary glucose, blood glucose and oral candidal carriage in the salivaof type 2 diabetics: A case-control study', Contemporary Clinical Dentistryhttp://www.contempclindent.org/article.asp?issn=0976-237X;year=2014;volume=5;issue=3;spage=312;epage=317;aulast=Kumar. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Orthodontic and other oral appliances seem to favor candidal presence.
Célia Regina Gonçalves e Silva, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Mariella Vieira PereiraLeão, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge 2014, 'Candida spp. adherence to oral epithelial cells and levels of IgA in children withorthodontic appliances', Brazilian Oral Researchhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-83242014000100210&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Then, the anti-candidal activity of essential oil and its main component (carvacrol) were determined.
Mohaddese Mahboubi 2019, 'SATUREJA KHUZISTANICA JAMZAD ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS ANTI-CANDIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINSTCLINICAL ISOLATES OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ISOLATED FROM WOMEN WITH CANDIDIASIS', Infectiohttp://revistainfectio.org/index.php/infectio/article/view/750/788. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We observed oral mucosa candidal infection mostly.
Berna Ülgen Altay, Zeynep Nurhan Saraçoğlu, Nuri Kiraz, Ayşe Esra Koku Aksu 2011, 'Superficial Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Case-ControlStudy', Turkdermhttp://www.journalagent.com/z4/download_fulltext.asp?pdir=turkderm&plng=eng&un=TURKDERM-48303. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The relationship between specific host factors and candidal colonization was also investigated.
Al-Attas Safia, Amro Soliman 2010, 'Candidal colonization, strain diversity, and antifungal susceptibility among adultdiabetic patients', Annals of Saudi Medicinehttp://www.saudiannals.net/article.asp?issn=0256-4947;year=2010;volume=30;issue=2;spage=101;epage=108;aulast=Al-Attas. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Medical treatment of candidal intertrigo usually requires topical administration of nystatin and azole group antifungals.
Metin A, Dilek N, Bilgili SG 2018, 'Recurrent candidal intertrigo: challenges and solutions', Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatologyhttps://www.dovepress.com/recurrent-candidal-intertrigo-challenges-and-solutions-peer-reviewed-article-CCID. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Our study demonstrated that this probiotic yeast secretes into the medium active compounds reducing candidal virulence factors.
Anna Murzyn, Anna Krasowska, Piotr Stefanowicz, Dorota Dziadkowiec, Marcin Łukaszewicz 2010, 'Capric acid secreted by S. boulardii inhibits C. albicans filamentous growth, adhesionand biofilm formation.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2919387?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Further studies are needed to develop this kind of restriction profile to be used in the identification of candidal strains.
Suphi Bayraktar, Nizami Duran, Gülay Gülbol Duran, Naciye Eryilmaz, Hayat Aslan, CansuÖnlen, Burçin Özer 2017, 'Identification of medically important Candida species by polymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragment length polymorphism analysis of the rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 regions', Indian Journal of Medical Microbiologyhttp://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=535;epage=542;aulast=Bayraktar. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)