a chemical reaction that introduces a carboxyl group into a molecule or compound, forming a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate
carboxylation in American English
(kɑːrˌbɑksəˈleiʃən)
noun
the process of carboxylating
Word origin
[carboxyl + -ation]-ation is used to form nouns from stems ending in -ate (separation) and, on this model, to form nouns from stems of other origin (starvation). Other words that use the affix -ation include: complementation, neutralization, polymerization, reservation, sensitization
Examples of 'carboxylation' in a sentence
carboxylation
Products resulting from carboxylation reactions are obvious conversions.
Erdogan Alper, Ozge Yuksel Orhan 2017, 'CO2 utilization: Developments in conversion processes', Petroleumhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405656116301961. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Here, we identified shared metabolic features in cells using reductive carboxylation.
Andrew R. Mullen, Zeping Hu, Xiaolei Shi, Lei Jiang, Lindsey K. Boroughs, Zoltan Kovacs,Richard Boriack, Dinesh Rakheja, Lucas B. Sullivan, W. Marston Linehan, Navdeep S.Chandel, Ralph J. DeBerardinis 2014, 'Oxidation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Is Required for Reductive Carboxylation in CancerCells with Mitochondrial Defects', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714003398. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A subset of the melanoma cell models required reductive carboxylation.
Maike K Aurich, Ronan M T Fleming, Ines Thiele 2017, 'A systems approach reveals distinct metabolic strategies among the NCI-60 cancer celllines.', PLoS Computational Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5570491?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This supports a very large multi-layer character of carboxylation deeply affectingthe carbon bulk.
Jacques Simonet 2012, 'Conditions for a large cathodic sequestration of carbon dioxide into glassy carbon.Generation of a carbon poly-carboxylate versatile material', Electrochemistry Communicationshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248112001968. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The carboxylation efficiency rate and the electron transport rate were reduced under the heat treatment.
Raed Elferjani, Raju Soolanayakanahally 2018, 'Canola Responses to Drought, Heat, and Combined Stress: Shared and Specific Effectson Carbon Assimilation, Seed Yield, and Oil Composition', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.01224/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Carboxylation of cotton linters was investigated relative to its use in ion exchange.
A. M. A. Nada, S. Abd El-Mongy, E. S. Abd El-Sayed 2009, 'EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS ON CELLULOSE TOWARD CARBOXYLATION AND ITS APPLICATIONFOR METAL ION ABSORPTION', BioResourceshttp://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/viewFile/BioRes_04_1_0080_Nada_EE_Treated_Cellulose_Metal_Ion_Adsorption/303. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Instead, carboxylation or another form of activation may serve as the first step in naphthalene degradation.
Raymond J DiDonato, Nelson D Young, Jessica E Butler, Kuk-Jeong Chin, Kim K Hixson,Paula Mouser, Mary S Lipton, Robert DeBoy, Barbara A Methé 2010, 'Genome sequence of the deltaproteobacterial strain NaphS2 and analysis of differentialgene expression during anaerobic growth on naphthalene.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2988823?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Glycolysis can provide energy and glutaminolysis can provide carbon for anaplerosis and reductive carboxylation to citrate.
Jorge Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz, Alexei Vazquez 2017, 'Limits of aerobic metabolism in cancer cells', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-017-14071-y. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These two proteins are necessary for gamma-carboxylation, a post-synthetic modification that allows coagulation proteins to display their proper function.
Mariani Guglielmo, Napolitano Mariasanta, Lapecorella Mario 2010, 'Hereditary combined deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors', Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseaseshttp://www.ojrd.com/content/5/1/21. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)