In addition, two of the patients experienced a poor response to antimonial or pentamidine therapy.
Giselle Aparecida Fagundes-Silva, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, Elisa Cupolillo, EllenPriscila Gadelha Yamashita, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra,Alda Maria Da-Cruz 2015, 'Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi: rare enough to be neglected?', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762015000600797&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It will also present the most recent works being done to improve antimonial chemotherapy.
Raul R. Ribeiro, Cynthia Demicheli, Frédéric Frézard 2009, 'Pentavalent Antimonials: New Perspectives for Old Drugs', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/7/2317/. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Both schedules were based on daily intramuscular injections of pentavalent antimonial.
Rilza Beatriz G. de Azeredo-Coutinho, Sergio C.F. Mendonça 2002, 'An intermittent schedule is better than continuous regimen of antimonial therapy forcutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil O esquema detratamento antimonial intermitente é superior ao contínuo na terapia da leishmaniosecutânea no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil', Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropicalhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822002000500009. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The three patients with treatment failure received a pentavalent antimonial for 20 days.
Prata Aluízio, Silva-Vergara Mario Léon, Costa Laércio, Rocha Ademir, KrolewieckiAlejandro, Silva Jaime Costa, Paula Edvá Vieira de, Pimenta Junior Fabiano Geraldo,Giraldo Luiz Eduardo Ramirez 2003, 'Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis', Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropicalhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822003000100010. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Downregulation of calcineurin could protect parasites from antimonial-induced apoptosis.
Reza Rafooian, Mojtaba Saffari, Setareh Mamishi, GholamHossein Edrissian, Homa Hajjaran,Elham Kazemirad, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Bagher Khadem Erfan, Mansour Heidari 2013, 'Downregulation of Calcineurin Gene is Associated with Glucantime Resiatance in LeishmaniaInfantum', Iranian Journal of Parasitologyhttp://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/733/420. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The patient received pentavalent antimonial treatment and his condition improved after2 months of follow-up.
R. Casero, L. Laconte, L. Fraenza, N. Iglesias, C. Quinteros Greco, ML. Villablanca 2010, 'Leishmaniosis laríngea recidivante: un caso inusual en un paciente inmunocompetentetratado con corticoides Recidivant laryngeal leishmaniosis: an unusual case in animmunocompetent patient treated with corticosteroids', Revista Argentina de Microbiologíahttp://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0325-75412010000200010. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Pentavalent antimonial was effective in resolving cases.
Carina Scolari Gosch, Cálita Pollyanna Marques, Bruna Silva Resende, Joandson dosSantos Souza, Ray Ameida da Silva Rocha, Deyse Sabrinne Souza Lopes, Marcelo ScolariGosch, Fátima Ribeiro Dias, Miriam Leandro Dorta 2017, 'American tegumentary leishmaniasis: epidemiological and molecular characterizationof prevalent Leishmania species in the State of Tocantins, Brazil, 2011-2015', Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulohttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652017005000255&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We hereby present a case with this unusual complication of antimonial therapy.
Sharma Sunita, Malhan Priya, Pujani Mukta, Rath B 2008, 'Acute erythroid toxicity in visceral leishmaniasis: A rare complication of antimonialtherapy', Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiologyhttp://www.ijpmonline.org/article.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2008;volume=51;issue=4;spage=546;epage=547;aulast=Sharma. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Antimonial compounds can be found as a toxic contaminant in the environment.
Hongliang eLiu, Hongliang eLiu, Weiping eZhuang, Shengzhe eZhang, Christopher eRensing,Jun eHuang, Jie eLi, Gejiao eWang 2015, 'Global regulator IscR positively contributes to antimonite resistance and oxidationin Comamonas testosterone S44', Frontiers in Molecular Bioscienceshttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmolb.2015.00070/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)