This cell proliferation appeared to be closely linked to fusion of opposing arch centra.
Baeverfjord Grete, Torgersen Jacob, Ytteborg Elisabeth, Takle Harald 2010, 'Morphological and molecular characterization of developing vertebral fusions usinga teleost model', BMC Physiologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6793/10/13. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The age was estimated through the annuli counts on sectioned vertebral centra.
Antonello Mulas 2015, 'Life-history traits of the long-nosed skate Dipturus oxyrinchus, from the centralwestern Mediterranean Sea', Frontiers in Marine Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/conf.FMARS.2015.03.00193/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The vertebral centra are of arcocentral-type formed mainly by the development of thedorsal arcocentra.
G. Arratia, H.-P. Schultze 2012, 'The macrosemiiform fish companion of the Late Jurassic theropod Juravenatorfrom Schamhaupten, Bavaria, Germany', Fossil Recordhttp://www.foss-rec.net/15/5/2012/fr-15-5-2012.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Chondrocytes that form the vertebral centra derive from somites.
Bensimon-Brito Anabela, Cardeira João, Cancela Maria, Huysseune Ann, Witten Paul 2012, 'Distinct patterns of notochord mineralization in zebrafish coincide with the localizationof Osteocalcin isoform 1 during early vertebral centra formation', BMC Developmental Biologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/12/28. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These were separated postmortem from their respective centra because of unfused neurocentral sutures.
Rebecca Hofmann, P. Martin Sander 2014, 'The first juvenile specimens of Plateosaurus engelhardti from Frick, Switzerland:isolated neural arches and their implications for developmental plasticity in a basalsauropodomorph', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/458.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Vertebral centra ossify directly, without cartilaginous matrix replacement.
Francisca Zavala-Muñoz, Mauricio F. Landaeta, Valentina Bernal-Durán, Guillermo A.Herrera, Donald I. Brown 2016, 'Larval development and shape variation of the kelpfish Myxodes viridis (Teleostei:Clinidae)', Scientia Marinahttp://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1613. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The thickness of the articular cartilage between the centra of adjacent vertebrae affects posture.
Michael P. Taylor 2014, 'Quantifying the effect of intervertebral cartilage on neutral posture in the necksof sauropod dinosaurs', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/712.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Cervical vertebrae may be distinguished from those present in the remaining phoenicopteridsin having wider and shorter centra.
Federico L. Agnolin 2009, 'Una nueva especie del género Megapaloelodus (Aves: Phoenicopteridae: Palaelodinae)del Mioceno Superior del noroeste de Argentina A new species of the genus Megapaleolodus(Aves: Phoenicopteridae: Palaelodinae) from the Upper Miocene of Northwestern Argentina',Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturaleshttp://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1853-04002009000100004. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Subsequently, osteoblasts are recruited to the mineralized domains of the notochord sheath to form mature centra.
Susan Wopat, Jennifer Bagwell, Kaelyn D. Sumigray, Amy L. Dickson, Leonie F.A. Huitema,Kenneth D. Poss, Stefan Schulte-Merker, Michel Bagnat 2018, 'Spine Patterning Is Guided by Segmentation of the Notochord Sheath', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124718301487. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)