Clinical symptoms include headaches, chiasm syndrome, hydrocephalus, pituitary insufficiencies, and obesity.
Jörg eFlitsch, Hermann Lothar Mueller, Till eBurkhardt 2011, 'Surgical strategies in childhood craniopharyngioma', Frontiers in Endocrinologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2011.00096/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
No symptomatic persistent brainstem or optic nerve/chiasm injury was identified.
Colette J. Shen, MD, PhD, Megan N. Kummerlowe, BS, Kristin J. Redmond, MD, MPH, JuanCarlos Martinez-Gutierrez, MD, Syed Muhammad Usama, MBBS, Matthias Holdhoff, MD, PhD,Stuart A. Grossman, MD, John J. Laterra, MD, PhD, Roy E. Strowd, MD, Lawrence R. Kleinberg,MD 2018, 'Re-irradiation for malignant glioma: Toward patient selection and defining treatmentparameters for salvage', Advances in Radiation Oncologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452109418301209. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It extended toward the frontal area and compressed the optic chiasm and hypothalamic regions.
László Lehner, Rita Garamvölgyi, Csaba Jakab, Zoltán Kerekes, Kálmán Czeibert 2019, 'A Recurrent Suprapituitary Ependymal Cyst Managed by Endoscopy-Assisted TranssphenoidalSurgery in a Canine: A Case Report', Frontiers in Veterinary Sciencehttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00112/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Orbital imaging showed no abnormality of bilateral optic nerves/chiasm, extraocular muscles, and globes.
Sasitorn Siritho, Wadchara Pumpradit, Wiboon Suriyajakryuththana, Krit Pongpirul 2015, 'Severe Headache with Eye Involvement from Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, Trigeminal Tract,and Brainstem Nuclei', Case Reports in Radiologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/402015. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A marked increase in chiasm thickness was observed.
Sheryl L. Herrera, Vanessa L. Palmer, Heather Whittaker, Blair Cardigan Smith, AnnieKim, Angela E. Schellenberg, Jonathan D. Thiessen, Richard Buist, Marc R. Del Bigio,Melanie Martin 2014, 'Damage to the Optic Chiasm in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Experimental AutoimmuneEncephalomyelitis Mice', Magnetic Resonance Insightshttps://doi.org/10.4137/MRI.S19750. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In patients with long-standing compression of the optic chiasm, ganglion cells may undergo axonal degeneration.
Asensio-Sánchez VM, Foncubierta J 2016, 'Progressive loss of vision caused by asymptomatic pituitary macroadenoma: role ofOCT', International Medical Case Reports Journalhttps://www.dovepress.com/progressive-loss-of-vision-caused-by-asymptomatic-pituitary-macroadeno-peer-reviewed-article-IMCRJ. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Intraoperative inspection confirmed that this cyst arose from the optic chiasm.
Yuichiro Yoneoka, MD, PhD, Naoto Watanabe, MD, PhD, Mitsuo Kohno, MD, PhD, DaisukeSatoh, MD, Hitoshi Takahashi, MD, PhD, Yukihiko Fujii, MD, PhD 2014, 'Technical note: Endoscopic resection of a dermoid cyst anchored to the anterior opticchiasm', Interdisciplinary Neurosurgeryhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751914000152. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Postmortem examination showed marked leukemic infiltration of the optic nerves and optic chiasm.
Gabriel Toro G., Hernando Mena R., Héctor A. Suárez C., Rafael Pinaud 1973, 'Infiltración al quiasma y a los nervios y ópticos en un caso de leucemia mieloblásticaaguda', Revista de la Facultad de Medicinahttps://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/22008. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The olfactory globular tracts form a characteristic chiasm in the center of the brain.
Stemme Torben, Iliffe Thomas M, Bicker Gerd, Harzsch Steffen, Koenemann Stefan 2012, 'Serotonin immunoreactive interneurons in the brain of the Remipedia: new insightsinto the phylogenetic affinities of an enigmatic crustacean taxon', BMC Evolutionary Biologyhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/168. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mainly affecting females, the most common presenting symptoms are headaches and visual symptoms due to optical chiasm compression.
Alexey Youssef, Rahaf Ali, Maya Marouf 2018, 'Granulomatous hypophysitis in a postpartum patient: A case report', Cogent Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2018.1428034. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)