In mammals, tetrapyrrole end products are closely linked to oxygen metabolism.
Aller María-Angeles, Arias Jose-Ignacio, Arias Jaime 2009, 'Surgical inflammation: a pathophysiological rainbow', Journal of Translational Medicinehttp://www.translational-medicine.com/content/7/1/19. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In plants, the mechanism of tetrapyrrole-dependent plastid-to-nucleus signaling remains poorly understood.
Robert M. Larkin 2016, 'Tetrapyrrole Signaling in Plants', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01586/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This may contribute to translocation of tetrapyrrole intermediates across organelles' membranes.
Leo Veenman, Alex Vainshtein, Nasra Yasin, Maya Azrad, Moshe Gavish 2016, 'Tetrapyrroles as Endogenous TSPO Ligands in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Comparisonswith Synthetic Ligands', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/6/880. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Porphyrins are the most widely studied tetrapyrrole-based compounds because of their importantroles in vital biological processes.
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ramzan, Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi, Muhammad Azhar Khan, MuhammadTariq 2018, 'Emerging Applications of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins in Biomedicine and DiagnosticMagnetic Resonance Imaging', Biosensorshttp://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/95. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A search for homologs resulted in the identification of 124 rice genes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and photosynthesis.
Rui-Qing Li, Rui-Qing Li, Rui-Qing Li, Meng Jiang, Yan-Hua Liu, Yun-Chao Zheng, Yun-ChaoZheng, Jian-Zhong Huang, Jian-Min Wu, Qing-Yao Shu, Qing-Yao Shu 2017, 'The xantha Marker Trait Is Associated with Altered Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and DeregulatedTranscription of PhANGs in Rice', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00901/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Thus, the tetrapyrrole pathway may provide both positive and inhibitory signals to control expression of nuclear genes.
Matthew J. Terry, Matthew J. Terry, Alison G. Smith 2013, 'A model for tetrapyrrole synthesis as the primary mechanism for plastid-to-nucleussignaling during chloroplast biogenesis', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2013.00014/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Corroles are a developing class of tetrapyrrole-based molecules with significant chemical potential and relatively unexplored photophysical properties.
Clark Zahn, Till Stensitzki, Mario Gerecke, Alexander Berg, Atif Mahammed, Zeev Gross,Karsten Heyne 2017, 'Ultrafast Dynamics of Sb-Corroles: A Combined Vis-Pump Supercontinuum Probe and BroadbandFluorescence Up-Conversion Study', Moleculeshttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/7/1174. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
By omitting the substituents on the tetrapyrrole macrocycle of porphyrin, the peripheral interference by substituents can be avoided.
Huynh Thien Ngo, Kosuke Minami, Gaku Imamura, Kota Shiba, Genki Yoshikawa 2018, 'Effects of Center Metals in Porphines on Nanomechanical Gas Sensing', Sensorshttp://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1640. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
New pyrenoid functions are supported by proteins in tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll synthesis, carotenoid metabolism or amino acid metabolism.
Yu Zhan, Christophe H. Marchand, Alexandre Maes, Adeline Mauries, Yi Sun, James S.Dhaliwal, James Uniacke, Simon Arragain, Heng Jiang, Nicholas D. Gold, Vincent J.J. Martin, Stéphane D. Lemaire, William Zerges 2018, 'Pyrenoid functions revealed by proteomics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0185039. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)