a close association or union between two kinds of organisms, in which one is benefited by the relationship and the other is neither benefited nor harmed
Examples of 'commensalism' in a sentence
commensalism
However, commensalism can be established only when resources for both species are large enough.
Liang Zhao, Bin Qin, Xianbo Sun 2018, 'Dynamic Behavior of a Commensalism Model with Nonmonotonic Functional Response andDensity-Dependent Birth Rates', Complexityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9862584. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The role of opaque a/α cells in commensalism and pathogenesis must, therefore, be investigated.
Yang-Nim Park, Kayla Conway, Thomas P. Conway, Karla J. Daniels, David R. Soll 2019, 'Roles of the Transcription Factors Sfl2 and Efg1 in White-Opaque Switching in a/αStrains of Candida albicans', mSpherehttps://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00703-18. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Why are these associations called commensalism rather than symbiosis?
Worrallo Whitney; Frederic Lucas; Harold Shinn; Mabel Smallwood A Guide for the Study of Animals (1911). Retrieved in 2019 from Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/)
The change of the biochemical patterns indicated a commensalism cooperation among bacteria used.
T. W. Murti, E. Robiyati, H. L. Jundi, F. Ramadhani, B. Rustamadji, Y. Y. Suranindyah 2016, 'Development of Fermented Mare's Milk Using Mixed Probiotic Cultures', Media Peternakanhttp://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/mediapeternakan/article/view/9605. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Staphylococcus aureus–human interactions result in a continuum of outcomes from commensalism to pathogenesis.
Matthew M Ramsey, Matthew M Ramsey, Marcelo O Freire, Marcelo O Freire, Rebecca AGabrilska, Kendra P Rumbaugh, Katherine P Lemon, Katherine P Lemon 2016, 'Staphylococcus aureus shifts towards commensalism in response to Corynebacterium species',Frontiers in Microbiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01230/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Therefore, the same concept of parasitism may encompass commensalism, mutualism, and symbiosis.
Adauto Araújo, Ana Maria Jansen, Françoise Bouchet, Karl Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira 2003, 'Parasitism, the diversity of life, and paleoparasitology', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762003000900003. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The relationships are mutualism, commensalism and parasitism, depending on which the algorithm works.
Sujoy Das, Aniruddha Bhattacharya 2018, 'Symbiotic organisms search algorithm for short-term hydrothermal scheduling', Ain Shams Engineering Journalhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209044791630020X. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This long-established commensalism indicates that these microbes are an integral part of the eukaryotic host.
Agata Korecka, Velmurugesan Arulampalam 2012, 'The gut microbiome: scourge, sentinel or spectator?', Journal of Oral Microbiologyhttp://www.journaloforalmicrobiology.net/index.php/jom/article/view/9367/19921. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the two-species treatment, temperature regime altered the interaction from a sort of mutualism to commensalism.
Nele De Meester, Giovanni A. P. Dos Santos, Annelien Rigaux, Yirina Valdes, SofieDerycke, Tom Moens 2015, 'Daily Temperature Fluctuations Alter Interactions between Closely Related Speciesof Marine Nematodes', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0131625. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Further studies are needed to determine the scope of commensalism as an anti-predator strategy in colonial animals.
Franziska C. Schädelin, Stefan Fischer, Richard H. Wagner 2012, 'Reduction in Predator Defense in the Presence of Neighbors in a Colonial Fish', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0035833. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)