[1950–55; micro- + environment]This word is first recorded in the period 1950–55. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: International Gothic, bleep, conflict of interest, drip-dry, point-of-salemicro- is a combining form with the meanings “small” (microcosm; microgamete), “very small in comparison with others of its kind” (microcomputer; microlith), “too small to be seen by the unaided eye” (microfossil; microorganism), “dealing with extremely minute organisms, organic structures, or quantities ofa substance” (microdissection; microscope), “localized, restricted in scope or area” (microburst; microhabitat), “(of a discipline) focusing on a restricted area” (microeconomics), “containing or dealing with texts that require enlargement to be read” (microfilm; microreader), “one millionth” (microgram)
Examples of 'microenvironment' in a sentence
microenvironment
Exosomes represent one of the dominant signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment.
Matias Valenzuela Alvarez, Luciana M. Gutierrez, Alejandro Correa, Alberto Lazarowski,Marcela F. Bolontrade 2019, 'Metastatic Niches and the Modulatory Contribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and ItsExosomes', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/1946. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Electrospun resorbable scaffolds can potentially enhance endogenous repair mechanisms by influencing the tissue microenvironment.
A Kendal, S Snelling, S Dakin, E Stace, P-A Mouthuy, A Carr 2017, 'Resorbable electrospun polydioxanone fibres modify the behaviour of cells from bothhealthy and diseased human tendons', European Cells & Materialshttp://www.ecmjournal.org/papers/vol033/pdf/v033a13.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
By complex interactions with the microenvironment, it results in pro-inflammatory effects.
Zohaib Khurshid, Mustafa Naseem, Faris Yahya I. Asiri, Maria Mali, Rabia Sannam Khan,Haafsa Arshad Sahibzada, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Syed Faraz Moin, Erum Khan 2017, 'Significance and Diagnostic Role of Antimicrobial Cathelicidins (LL-37) Peptides inOral Health', Biomoleculeshttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/7/4/80. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Immune cells face constant changes in their microenvironment, which requires rapid metabolic adaptation.
Linsey Porter, Nicole Toepfner, Kathleen R. Bashant, Jochen Guck, Margaret Ashcroft,Neda Farahi, Edwin R. Chilvers 2018, 'Metabolic Profiling of Human Eosinophils', Frontiers in Immunologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01404/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The microenvironment cell populations-counter was used to analyze the immune cellinfiltrates.
Jun Shang, Qian Song, Zuyi Yang, Xiaoyan Sun, Meijuan Xue, Wenjie Chen, JingchengYang, Sihua Wang 2018, 'Analysis of PD-1 related immune transcriptional profile in different cancer types',Cancer Cell Internationalhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12935-018-0712-y. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Macrophages exhibit diverse effector phenotypes depending on the stimuli and their microenvironment.
Wipawee Wongchana, Pornrat Kongkavitoon, Pattarin Tangtanatakul, Chutamath Sittplangkoon,Patcharavadee Butta, Supatta Chawalitpong, Thitiporn Pattarakankul, Barbara A Osborne,Tanapat Palaga 2018, 'Notch signaling regulates the responses of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophagesin the presence of immune complexes.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5995379?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in the behavior of stem and progenitor cells.
Arianna Mauretti, Sergio Spaans, Noortje A. M. Bax, Cecilia Sahlgren, Carlijn V. C.Bouten 2017, 'Cardiac Progenitor Cells and the Interplay with Their Microenvironment', Stem Cells Internationalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7471582. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These problems are caused, at least in part, by a tumor-specific oxygen-poor microenvironment,hypoxia.
Masahiro Hiraoka, Hiroshi Harada, Yuxi Zhu, Lihua Zeng, Chan Joo Yeom 2011, 'Strategies To Assess Hypoxic/HIF-1-Active Cancer Cells for the Development of InnovativeRadiation Therapy', Cancershttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/3/3610/. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)