immunity

noun

im·mu·ni·ty i-ˈmyü-nə-tē How to pronounce immunity (audio)

plural immunities

: the quality or state of being immune

especially : a condition of being able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products see also active immunity, passive immunity

Example Sentences

They have developed immunity to the virus. They have developed an immunity to the virus.

Recent Examples on the Web The researchers subsequently discovered gene expression changes in the Barataria Bay dolphin population, including genes involved in immunity, inflammation, reproductive failure, lung issues and cardiac dysfunction.

Sarah Sloat, NBC News, 24 Aug. 2022 We’ve been told that getting COVID gives you some immunity from future exposures, at least for several months.

Chronicle Advice Team, San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Aug. 2022 That immunity in the womb, research shows, reduces the risk of the youngest infants being hospitalized with COVID-19.

Duaa Eldeib, ProPublica, 4 Aug. 2022 But the truth is, a prior infection does still give you some immunity—especially a prior Omicron infection.

Josh Fischman, Scientific American, 2 Aug. 2022 What of our best protections against Covid-19, vaccines and immunity from prior infection?

William A. Haseltine, Forbes, 17 Aug. 2022 Rothman has been researching immunity and the pathogenesis of viral diseases in humans (that is, the way a disease develops) for more than 30 years.

Manasee Wagh, Popular Mechanics, 16 Aug. 2022 Netanyahu tried unsuccessfully to secure immunity and stall.

Morgan Wack, The Conversation, 16 Aug. 2022 Conventional wisdom says Omicron is less likely to cause serious illness, but that might be due to better immunity and treatments, not the virus itself.

Los Angeles Times, 14 Aug. 2022 See More

Legal Definition

immunity

noun

im·mu·ni·ty i-ˈmyü-nə-tē How to pronounce immunity (audio)

plural immunities

: exemption from a duty or liability that is granted by law to a person or class of persons

a defendant may not take the stand in his own behalf and then claim immunity from cross-examination

W. R. LaFave and A. W. Scott, Jr.

also : the affirmative defense of having such an exemption

— absolute immunity

: immunity from all personal civil liability without limits or conditions (as a requirement of good faith) compare qualified immunity in this entry

— charitable immunity

: immunity from civil liability especially for negligent torts that is granted to a charitable or nonprofit organization (as a hospital)

— constitutional immunity

: immunity (as from a tax) that is granted or created by a constitution (as the U.S. Constitution)

— corporate immunity

: immunity from personal liability for tortious acts that is granted to an officer of a corporation who acted in good faith and within the course of his or her duties see also business judgment rule compare pierce

— diplomatic immunity

: immunity (as from taxes or prosecution) granted to a diplomat

— discovery immunity

: immunity sense 2

— discretionary immunity

: qualified immunity from civil liability for tortious acts or omissions that arise from a government employee's discretionary acts performed as part of the employee's duties see also the Federal Tort Claims Act

Note: The Federal Tort Claims Act includes an additional requirement of acting in good faith for the discretionary immunity granted to the federal government.

— executive immunity

: immunity granted to officers of the executive branch of government from personal liability for tortious acts or omissions done in the course of carrying out their duties

Note: While the president's executive immunity is absolute, the immunity of other federal executive officials is qualified.

— governmental immunity

: discretionary immunity granted to a governmental unit (as an agency) or its employees

broadly : sovereign immunity in this entry

— judicial immunity

: absolute immunity from civil liability that is granted to judges and other court officers (as prosecutors and grand juries) and quasi-judicial officials for tortious acts or omissions done within the scope of their jurisdiction or authority

— legislative immunity

: absolute immunity from civil liability that is granted to legislators for tortious acts or omissions done in the course of legislative activities see also speech or debate clause

— official immunity

: discretionary immunity from personal liability that is granted to public officers for tortious acts and omissions compare governmental immunity in this entry

— qualified immunity

: immunity from civil liability that is conditioned or limited (as by a requirement of good faith or due care)

specifically : official immunity from damages for acts that violate another's civil rights that is granted if it can be shown that the acts do not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would be aware see also Civil Rights Act

— sovereign immunity

: the absolute immunity of a sovereign government (as a state) from being sued see also Federal Tort Claims Act

Note: For an action to be brought against a state or the federal government, sovereign immunity must be waived by the government.

— transactional immunity \\ tran-ˈzak-shə-nəl-, -ˈsak- \\

: immunity from criminal prosecution granted to a witness for an offense related to his or her compelled testimony see also use immunity in this entry

— use immunity

: immunity granted to a witness in a criminal case that prevents the use of the witness's compelled testimony against that witness in a criminal prosecution

Note: Transactional and use immunity are granted to preserve the constitutional protection against self-incrimination. The states grant either form of this immunity, while the federal government grants only use immunity. A witness with use immunity may still be prosecuted, but only based on evidence not gathered from the protected testimony.

: a usually statutory prohibition that excludes specific documents or information from discovery

called also discovery immunity

单词	immunity
释义	immunity noun im·mu·ni·ty i-ˈmyü-nə-tē plural immunities : the quality or state of being immune especially : a condition of being able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products see also active immunity, passive immunity Synonyms exemption impunity See all Synonyms & Antonyms Example Sentences They have developed immunity to the virus. They have developed an immunity to the virus. Recent Examples on the Web The researchers subsequently discovered gene expression changes in the Barataria Bay dolphin population, including genes involved in immunity, inflammation, reproductive failure, lung issues and cardiac dysfunction. Sarah Sloat, NBC News, 24 Aug. 2022 We’ve been told that getting COVID gives you some immunity from future exposures, at least for several months. Chronicle Advice Team, San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Aug. 2022 That immunity in the womb, research shows, reduces the risk of the youngest infants being hospitalized with COVID-19. Duaa Eldeib, ProPublica, 4 Aug. 2022 But the truth is, a prior infection does still give you some immunity—especially a prior Omicron infection. Josh Fischman, Scientific American, 2 Aug. 2022 What of our best protections against Covid-19, vaccines and immunity from prior infection? William A. Haseltine, Forbes, 17 Aug. 2022 Rothman has been researching immunity and the pathogenesis of viral diseases in humans (that is, the way a disease develops) for more than 30 years. Manasee Wagh, Popular Mechanics, 16 Aug. 2022 Netanyahu tried unsuccessfully to secure immunity and stall. Morgan Wack, The Conversation, 16 Aug. 2022 Conventional wisdom says Omicron is less likely to cause serious illness, but that might be due to better immunity and treatments, not the virus itself. Los Angeles Times, 14 Aug. 2022 See More Word History First Known Use 14th century, in the meaning defined above Phrases Containing immunity community immunity active immunity herd immunity diplomatic immunity passive immunity qualified immunity community immunity active immunity herd immunity diplomatic immunity passive immunity qualified immunity Kids Definition immunity noun im·mu·ni·ty i-ˈmyü-nə-tē plural immunities 1 : freedom from an obligation or penalty to which others are subject immunity from punishment 2 : the power to resist infection whether natural or acquired (as by vaccination) Medical Definition immunity noun im·mu·ni·ty im-ˈyü-nət-ē plural immunities : the quality or state of being immune especially : a condition of being able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products see acquired immunity, active immunity, natural immunity, passive immunity Legal Definition immunity noun im·mu·ni·ty i-ˈmyü-nə-tē plural immunities 1 : exemption from a duty or liability that is granted by law to a person or class of persons a defendant may not take the stand in his own behalf and then claim immunity from cross-examination W. R. LaFave and A. W. Scott, Jr. also : the affirmative defense of having such an exemption — absolute immunity : immunity from all personal civil liability without limits or conditions (as a requirement of good faith) compare qualified immunity in this entry — charitable immunity : immunity from civil liability especially for negligent torts that is granted to a charitable or nonprofit organization (as a hospital) — constitutional immunity : immunity (as from a tax) that is granted or created by a constitution (as the U.S. Constitution) — corporate immunity : immunity from personal liability for tortious acts that is granted to an officer of a corporation who acted in good faith and within the course of his or her duties see also business judgment rule compare pierce — diplomatic immunity : immunity (as from taxes or prosecution) granted to a diplomat — discovery immunity : immunity sense 2 — discretionary immunity : qualified immunity from civil liability for tortious acts or omissions that arise from a government employee's discretionary acts performed as part of the employee's duties see also the Federal Tort Claims Act Note: The Federal Tort Claims Act includes an additional requirement of acting in good faith for the discretionary immunity granted to the federal government. — executive immunity : immunity granted to officers of the executive branch of government from personal liability for tortious acts or omissions done in the course of carrying out their duties Note: While the president's executive immunity is absolute, the immunity of other federal executive officials is qualified. — governmental immunity : discretionary immunity granted to a governmental unit (as an agency) or its employees broadly : sovereign immunity in this entry — judicial immunity : absolute immunity from civil liability that is granted to judges and other court officers (as prosecutors and grand juries) and quasi-judicial officials for tortious acts or omissions done within the scope of their jurisdiction or authority — legislative immunity : absolute immunity from civil liability that is granted to legislators for tortious acts or omissions done in the course of legislative activities see also speech or debate clause — official immunity : discretionary immunity from personal liability that is granted to public officers for tortious acts and omissions compare governmental immunity in this entry — qualified immunity : immunity from civil liability that is conditioned or limited (as by a requirement of good faith or due care) specifically : official immunity from damages for acts that violate another's civil rights that is granted if it can be shown that the acts do not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would be aware see also Civil Rights Act — sovereign immunity : the absolute immunity of a sovereign government (as a state) from being sued see also Federal Tort Claims Act Note: For an action to be brought against a state or the federal government, sovereign immunity must be waived by the government. — transactional immunity \\ tran-ˈzak-shə-nəl-, -ˈsak- \\ : immunity from criminal prosecution granted to a witness for an offense related to his or her compelled testimony see also use immunity in this entry — use immunity : immunity granted to a witness in a criminal case that prevents the use of the witness's compelled testimony against that witness in a criminal prosecution Note: Transactional and use immunity are granted to preserve the constitutional protection against self-incrimination. The states grant either form of this immunity, while the federal government grants only use immunity. A witness with use immunity may still be prosecuted, but only based on evidence not gathered from the protected testimony. 2 : a usually statutory prohibition that excludes specific documents or information from discovery called also discovery immunity History and Etymology for immunity Latin immunitas, from immunis exempt from public service, exempt, from in- non- + -munis (from munia services) immunity noun as in protection freedom from punishment, harm, or loss the suspect refused to name his partners unless he was granted immunity Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance protection exemption defense security impunity shield absolution safety armor forgiveness cover guard safeguard screen dispensation bumper buffer aegis egis absolving Antonyms & Near Antonyms susceptibility exposure liability vulnerability openness susceptibleness
随便看	stemmed stemmed from stemmer stemmeries stemmers stemmery stemmier stemmiest stemminess stemming stemming from stemmy Stemona Stemonaceae stemonaceous Stemonitis stempel Stemphylium stempiece stemple stemples stempost stems stems from stemson

immunity

noun

Synonyms

Example Sentences

Word History

Phrases Containing immunity

Kids Definition

noun

Medical Definition

noun

Legal Definition

noun

noun