refractory

1 of 2

adjective

re·frac·to·ry ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$

: resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable

: resistant to treatment or cure

a refractory lesion

: unresponsive to stimulus

: immune, insusceptible

after recovery they were refractory to infection

: difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out

especially : capable of enduring high temperature

refractorily

ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rə-lē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$

ˌrē-ˌfrak-ˈtȯr-ə-lē

ri-

adverb

refractoriness

ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē-nəs $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$

noun

refractory

2 of 2

noun

plural refractories

: a refractory person or thing

especially : a heat-resisting ceramic material

Example Sentences

Adjective refractory players will be ejected from the game believing that rules are only for other people, he's been refractory virtually his entire life

Recent Examples on the Web

Adjective

Interim results from two Phase 3 studies show the ability of ibrexafungerp to combat refractory fungal infections in a hospital setting.

Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 6 July 2022 However, there is some concern regarding the safety of PPI treatment, as well as the fact that a subset of patients are refractory.

Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 1 June 2022 At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome.

Troy Farah, Scientific American, 30 Sep. 2021 There have been some positive developments for Bristol Myers Squibb as well, including the EU approval for Abecma - the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy - for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

Trefis Team, Forbes, 28 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others.

R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 Cinematographer Yves Bélanger was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles.

Roxana Hadadi, Vulture, 15 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others.

R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 The 9% rise can primarily be attributed to the announcement of positive interim data from a phase one study for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma.

Trefis Team, Forbes, 30 Mar. 2021

Noun

Our systematic approach to research enabled the first-ever treatment (siltuximab) and discovery of a treatment for patients who are siltuximab-refractory, like me.

K.n.c., The Economist, 27 Nov. 2019 Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures.

Robert Iddiols, CNN, 28 Sep. 2019 See More

单词	refractoriness
释义	refractory 1 of 2 adjective re·frac·to·ry ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$ 1 : resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable 2 a : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory lesion b : unresponsive to stimulus c : immune, insusceptible after recovery they were refractory to infection 3 : difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out especially : capable of enduring high temperature refractorily ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rə-lē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$ ˌrē-ˌfrak-ˈtȯr-ə-lē ri- adverb refractoriness ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē-nəs $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$ noun refractory 2 of 2 noun plural refractories : a refractory person or thing especially : a heat-resisting ceramic material Did you know? Refractory is from the Latin word refractarius. During the 17th century, it was sometimes spelled as refractary, but that spelling, though more in keeping with its Latin parent, had fallen out of use by the century's end. Refractarius, like refractory, is the result of a slight variation in spelling. It stems from the Latin verb refragari, meaning "to oppose." Synonyms Adjective balky contrary contumacious defiant disobedient froward incompliant insubordinate intractable obstreperous rebel rebellious recalcitrant recusant restive ungovernable unruly untoward wayward willful wilful See all Synonyms & Antonyms Example Sentences Adjective refractory players will be ejected from the game believing that rules are only for other people, he's been refractory virtually his entire life Recent Examples on the Web Adjective Interim results from two Phase 3 studies show the ability of ibrexafungerp to combat refractory fungal infections in a hospital setting. Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 6 July 2022 However, there is some concern regarding the safety of PPI treatment, as well as the fact that a subset of patients are refractory. Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 1 June 2022 At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Troy Farah, Scientific American, 30 Sep. 2021 There have been some positive developments for Bristol Myers Squibb as well, including the EU approval for Abecma - the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy - for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Trefis Team, Forbes, 28 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 Cinematographer Yves Bélanger was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles. Roxana Hadadi, Vulture, 15 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 The 9% rise can primarily be attributed to the announcement of positive interim data from a phase one study for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. Trefis Team, Forbes, 30 Mar. 2021 Noun Our systematic approach to research enabled the first-ever treatment (siltuximab) and discovery of a treatment for patients who are siltuximab-refractory, like me. K.n.c., The Economist, 27 Nov. 2019 Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures. Robert Iddiols, CNN, 28 Sep. 2019 See More Word History Etymology Adjective alteration of refractary, from Latin refractarius, irregular from refragari to oppose, from re- + -fragari (as in suffragari to support with one's vote) First Known Use Adjective 1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1 Noun 1627, in the meaning defined above Phrases Containing refractory refractory period refractory period Kids Definition refractory adjective re·frac·to·ry ri-ˈfrak-tə-rē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$ 1 : resisting control or authority : stubborn a refractory child 2 : capable of enduring very high temperatures refractory clays Medical Definition refractory adjective re·frac·to·ry ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē $How to pronounce refractory (audio)$ 1 : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory fulminant lesion had disease that was extremely refractory to multiple intensive therapies Michelle L. Bennett et al. 2 : unresponsive to stimulus the refractory period of a muscle fiber 3 : resistant or not responding to an infectious agent : immune refractory to reinfection refractoriness noun as in rebellion refusal to obey I wish that new hire would grow up—she still displays the refractoriness of a two-year-old Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance rebellion recalcitrance rebelliousness intractability insubordination willfulness contumacy defiance disobedience contrariness waywardness unruliness disrespect balkiness frowardness rudeness civil disobedience obstreperousness stubbornness peevishness obduracy inconsiderateness impoliteness noncooperation perversity pigheadedness pertinacity ungraciousness obstinacy insolence tenacity obdurateness doggedness mulishness discourteousness hardheadedness tenaciousness obstinateness impudence pertinaciousness impertinence inconsideration mischievousness self-will naughtiness knavery Antonyms & Near Antonyms subordination compliance tractability obedience amenability agreeability submission subordinateness subserviency slavishness amiability tractableness subservience submissiveness docility deference trainability dutifulness See More
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refractory

adjective

noun

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Synonyms

Example Sentences

Word History

Phrases Containing refractory

Kids Definition

adjective

Medical Definition

adjective

noun