alap
noun
a-ˈläp 
variants or less commonly alapa
a-ˈlä-pə
or alapana a-ˈlä-pə-nə
music
: an improvised, unaccompanied prelude to an Indian raga normally lacking rhythmic pulse and meter that is either played or sung as vocalise
The practice of beginning musical pieces with a seemingly free-form introduction that becomes a metered ensemble performance is common to India in the alap of a raga in classical Hindustani music …
Leonard Brown, John Coltrane and Black America's Quest for Freedom, 2010
Leonard Brown, John Coltrane and Black America's Quest for Freedom, 2010
Word History
Etymology
borrowed from Hindi ālāp "speaking, modulation of the voice in singing, prelude to a piece of music," borrowed from Sanskrit ālāpaḥ "speech, conversation," noun derivative of ālapati "(he/she) speaks to, addresses," from ā- "toward" + lapati "he/she chatters, talks" (probably of onomatopoeic origin)
First Known Use
1834, in the meaning defined above