anacrusis
noun
an·a·cru·sis ˌa-nə-ˈkrü-səs 
plural anacruses ˌa-nə-ˈkrü-ˌsēz
1
: one or more syllables at the beginning of a line of poetry that are regarded as preliminary to and not a part of the metrical pattern
2
: upbeat
specifically : one or more notes or tones preceding the first downbeat of a musical phrase
Word History
Etymology
borrowed from New Latin & Greek; New Latin, borrowed from Greek anákrousis, ánkrousis "act of pushing back, beginning of a song," noun derivative (with the suffix -sis -sis), from anakroúein "to push back, strike up, begin (a melody)," from ana- ana- + kroúein "to strike, knock, play," going back to Indo-European *kreu̯s- "strike," whence also Lithuanian krùšti "to crush, trample," Old Church Slavic krušiti "to smash"
First Known Use
1763, in the meaning defined at sense 2
- Sánchez (Pérez-Castejón)
- sánchez pérez-castejón
- são ber
- São Bernardo do Campo
- São Francisco
- São Gonçalo
- são jo
- São José dos Campos
- São Luís
- são manuel
- São Miguel
- São Paulo
- são ro
- São Roque, Cape
- são salvador
- São Tiago
- São Tomé
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- São Vicente, Cabo de
- sängerbund
- sängerfest
- Sète
- sèvres
- sé dos cam
- séance