refraction

[ ri-frak-shuhn ]

/ rɪˈfræk ʃən /

noun

Physics. the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is different.

Ophthalmology.

the ability of the eye to refract light that enters it so as to form an image on the retina.
the determining of the refractive condition of the eye.

Astronomy.

Also called astronomical refraction. the amount, in angular measure, by which the altitude of a celestial body is increased by the refraction of its light in the earth's atmosphere, being zero at the zenith and a maximum at the horizon.
the observed altered location, as seen from the earth, of another planet or the like due to diffraction by the atmosphere.

Origin of refraction

First recorded in 1570–80, refraction is from the Late Latin word refrāctiōn- (stem of refrāctiō). See refract, -ion

OTHER WORDS FROM refraction

re·frac·tion·al, adjectivenon·re·frac·tion, nounnon·re·frac·tion·al, adjective

WORDS THAT MAY BE CONFUSED WITH refraction

diffraction, diffusion, reflection, rarefaction, refraction

Words nearby refraction

reformulate, Ref. Pres., refract, refractile, refracting telescope, refraction, refractionist, refractive, refractive index, refractive keratotomy, refractivity

Dictionary.com UnabridgedBased on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020

Example sentences from the Web for refraction

That refraction separates the colors and sends them out of the raindrop heading in slightly different directions.
Explainer: Rainbows, fogbows and their eerie cousins|Matthew Cappucci|May 1, 2020|Science News For Students
It was a great matter to discover this effect of refraction.
The Royal Observatory Greenwich|E. Walter (Edwared Walter) Maunder
This beautiful law is usually thus expressed: The index of refraction of any substance is the tangent of its polarizing angle.
Six Lectures on Light|John Tyndall
And therefore the great breadth of these Shadows proceeds from some other cause than the Refraction of the Air.
Opticks|Isaac Newton

The effect of refraction in elevating the solar image as a whole when near the horizon has already been mentioned.
Meteorology|Charles Fitzhugh Talman
He has a taste for optics also; and knows all about refraction and reflection.
Ariadne Florentina|John Ruskin

British Dictionary definitions for refraction

refraction

/ (rɪˈfrækʃən) /

noun

physics the change in direction of a propagating wave, such as light or sound, in passing from one medium to another in which it has a different velocity

the amount by which a wave is refracted

the ability of the eye to refract light

the determination of the refractive condition of the eye

astronomy the apparent elevation in position of a celestial body resulting from the refraction of light by the earth's atmosphere

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Cultural definitions for refraction

refraction

A change of direction that light undergoes when it enters a medium with a different density from the one through which it has been traveling — for example, when, after moving through air, it passes through a prism. (Compare reflection.)

notes for refraction

Lenses and other optical instruments work through refraction of light.

Medical definitions for refraction

refraction

[ rĭ-frăk′shən ]

n.

The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different density.

The ability of the eye to bend light so that an image is focused on the retina.

Determination of the refractive characteristics of the eye and often the correction of refractive defects with lenses.refringence

Other words from refraction

re•frac′tion•al null adj.

Scientific definitions for refraction

refraction

[ rĭ-frăk′shən ]

The bending of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, as it passes from one medium to another medium of different density. The change in the angle of propagation depends on the difference between the index of refraction of the original medium and the medium entered by the wave, as well as on the frequency of the wave. Compare reflection. See also lens wave.

The apparent change in position of a celestial body caused by the bending of light as it enters the Earth's atmosphere.

Usage

The terms refraction and reflection describe two ways that waves, as of sound or light, change course upon encountering a boundary between two media. The media might consist of two different substances, such as glass and air, or a single substance in different states in different regions, such as air at different temperatures or densities in different layers. Reflection occurs, as in a mirror, when a wave encounters the boundary but does not pass into the second medium, instead immediately changing course and returning to the original medium, typically reflecting from the surface at the same angle at which it contacted it. Refraction occurs, as in a lens, when a wave passes from one medium into the second, deviating from the straight path it otherwise would have taken. The amount of deviation or bending depends on the indexes of refraction of each medium, determined by the relative speed of the wave in the two media. Waves entering a medium with a higher index of refraction are slowed, leaving the boundary and entering the second medium at a greater angle than the incident wave. Waves entering a medium with a lower index are accelerated and leave the boundary and enter the second medium at a lesser angle. Incident light waves tend to be fully reflected from a boundary met at a shallow angle; at a certain critical angle and at greater angles, some of the light is also refracted; looking at the surface of water from a boat, for instance, one can see down into the water only out to where the sight line reaches the critical angle with the surface. Light passing through a prism is mostly refracted, or bent, both when it enters the prism and again when it leaves the prism. Since the index of refraction in most substances depends on the frequency of the wave, light of different colors is refracted by different amounts-hence the colorful rainbow effect of prisms. The boundary between media does not have to be abrupt for reflection or refraction to occur. On a hot day, the air directly over the surface of an asphalt road is warmer than the air higher up. Light travels more quickly in the lower region, so light coming down from the sky (from not too steep an angle) is refracted back up again, giving a blue puddle appearance to the asphalt-a mirage.

单词	refraction
释义	refraction [ ri-frak-shuhn ] / rɪˈfræk ʃən / noun Physics. the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is different. Ophthalmology. the ability of the eye to refract light that enters it so as to form an image on the retina. the determining of the refractive condition of the eye. Astronomy. Also called astronomical refraction. the amount, in angular measure, by which the altitude of a celestial body is increased by the refraction of its light in the earth's atmosphere, being zero at the zenith and a maximum at the horizon. the observed altered location, as seen from the earth, of another planet or the like due to diffraction by the atmosphere. Origin of refraction First recorded in 1570–80, refraction is from the Late Latin word refrāctiōn- (stem of refrāctiō). See refract, -ion OTHER WORDS FROM refraction re·frac·tion·al, adjectivenon·re·frac·tion, nounnon·re·frac·tion·al, adjective WORDS THAT MAY BE CONFUSED WITH refraction diffraction, diffusion, reflection, rarefaction, refraction Words nearby refraction reformulate, Ref. Pres., refract, refractile, refracting telescope, refraction, refractionist, refractive, refractive index, refractive keratotomy, refractivity Dictionary.com UnabridgedBased on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020 Example sentences from the Web for refraction That refraction separates the colors and sends them out of the raindrop heading in slightly different directions. Explainer: Rainbows, fogbows and their eerie cousins\|Matthew Cappucci\|May 1, 2020\|Science News For Students It was a great matter to discover this effect of refraction. The Royal Observatory Greenwich\|E. Walter (Edwared Walter) Maunder This beautiful law is usually thus expressed: The index of refraction of any substance is the tangent of its polarizing angle. Six Lectures on Light\|John Tyndall And therefore the great breadth of these Shadows proceeds from some other cause than the Refraction of the Air. Opticks\|Isaac Newton The effect of refraction in elevating the solar image as a whole when near the horizon has already been mentioned. Meteorology\|Charles Fitzhugh Talman He has a taste for optics also; and knows all about refraction and reflection. Ariadne Florentina\|John Ruskin British Dictionary definitions for refraction refraction / (rɪˈfrækʃən) / noun physics the change in direction of a propagating wave, such as light or sound, in passing from one medium to another in which it has a different velocity the amount by which a wave is refracted the ability of the eye to refract light the determination of the refractive condition of the eye astronomy the apparent elevation in position of a celestial body resulting from the refraction of light by the earth's atmosphere Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Cultural definitions for refraction refraction A change of direction that light undergoes when it enters a medium with a different density from the one through which it has been traveling — for example, when, after moving through air, it passes through a prism. (Compare reflection.) notes for refraction Lenses and other optical instruments work through refraction of light. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Medical definitions for refraction refraction [ rĭ-frăk′shən ] n. The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different density. The ability of the eye to bend light so that an image is focused on the retina. Determination of the refractive characteristics of the eye and often the correction of refractive defects with lenses.refringence Other words from refraction re•frac′tion•al null adj. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Scientific definitions for refraction refraction [ rĭ-frăk′shən ] The bending of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, as it passes from one medium to another medium of different density. The change in the angle of propagation depends on the difference between the index of refraction of the original medium and the medium entered by the wave, as well as on the frequency of the wave. Compare reflection. See also lens wave. The apparent change in position of a celestial body caused by the bending of light as it enters the Earth's atmosphere. Usage The terms refraction and reflection describe two ways that waves, as of sound or light, change course upon encountering a boundary between two media. The media might consist of two different substances, such as glass and air, or a single substance in different states in different regions, such as air at different temperatures or densities in different layers. Reflection occurs, as in a mirror, when a wave encounters the boundary but does not pass into the second medium, instead immediately changing course and returning to the original medium, typically reflecting from the surface at the same angle at which it contacted it. Refraction occurs, as in a lens, when a wave passes from one medium into the second, deviating from the straight path it otherwise would have taken. The amount of deviation or bending depends on the indexes of refraction of each medium, determined by the relative speed of the wave in the two media. Waves entering a medium with a higher index of refraction are slowed, leaving the boundary and entering the second medium at a greater angle than the incident wave. Waves entering a medium with a lower index are accelerated and leave the boundary and enter the second medium at a lesser angle. Incident light waves tend to be fully reflected from a boundary met at a shallow angle; at a certain critical angle and at greater angles, some of the light is also refracted; looking at the surface of water from a boat, for instance, one can see down into the water only out to where the sight line reaches the critical angle with the surface. Light passing through a prism is mostly refracted, or bent, both when it enters the prism and again when it leaves the prism. Since the index of refraction in most substances depends on the frequency of the wave, light of different colors is refracted by different amounts-hence the colorful rainbow effect of prisms. The boundary between media does not have to be abrupt for reflection or refraction to occur. On a hot day, the air directly over the surface of an asphalt road is warmer than the air higher up. Light travels more quickly in the lower region, so light coming down from the sky (from not too steep an angle) is refracted back up again, giving a blue puddle appearance to the asphalt-a mirage. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
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