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单词 hemorrhagic fever
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hemorrhagic fever


hemorrhagic fever

n. Any of a group of viral diseases, including dengue, yellow fever, Ebola, and Lassa fever, that are typically transmitted to humans by arthropods or mammals, especially rodents, and that affect multiple organ systems, causing fever and usually bleeding and leading in severe cases to hypotension, shock, coma, and death. Also called viral hemorrhagic fever.
Thesaurus
Noun1.hemorrhagic fever - a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhagehaemorrhagic fever, VHF, viral haemorrhagic fever, viral hemorrhagic feverArgentine hemorrhagic fever - hemorrhagic fever with neurological signs; caused by the Junin virusEbola, Ebola fever, Ebola hemorrhagic fever - a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to AfricaLassa fever - an acute contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing; can be used as a bioweaponCrimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever - an infection common in Arab states caused by a bunyavirus; transmitted by a tick that thrives on sheepRift Valley fever - an infection common in Africa caused by a bunyavirus; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animalsviral infection, virus infection - infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humansgreen monkey disease, Marburg disease, Marburg hemorrhagic fever - a viral disease of green monkeys caused by the Marburg virus; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness

hemorrhagic fever


hemorrhagic fever

(hĕm'ərăj`ĭk), any of a group of viral diseases characterized by sudden onset, muscle and joint pain, fever, bleeding, and shock from loss of blood. Bleeding occurs in the form of leakage from capillaries in the internal organs and the skin and mucous membranes. The causative viruses may be transmitted to humans by insects, ticks, or rodents, but in the case of the African hemorrhagic fevers caused by Ebola virus and Marburg virus the animal carrier is unknown. In addition to Ebola and Marburg, well-known hemorrhagic fevers include hantavirushantavirus,
any of a genus (Hantavirus) of single-stranded RNA viruses that are carried by rodents and transmitted to humans when they inhale vapors from contaminated rodent urine, saliva, or feces. There are many strains of hantavirus.
..... Click the link for more information. , Lassa feverLassa fever
, an acute viral disease occurring mostly in W Africa, characterized by high fever, muscle aches, mouth ulcers, and bleeding in the skin in more severe cases. The disease was first recognized in Lassa, Nigeria, in 1969.
..... Click the link for more information. , yellow feveryellow fever,
acute infectious disease endemic in tropical Africa and many areas of South and Central America. Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water near human habitations.
..... Click the link for more information. , and a severe form of dengue called dengue hemorrhagic fever (see dengue feverdengue fever
, acute infectious disease caused by four closely related viruses and transmitted by the bite of the female Aedes mosquito; it is also known as breakbone fever and bone-crusher disease.
..... Click the link for more information. ; see also Ebola virusEbola virus
, a virus of the genus Ebolavirus, which belongs to a family (Filoviridae) of RNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. The viruses, named for the region in Congo (Kinshasa) where the first species was first identified in 1976, emerged from the rain
..... Click the link for more information. ).

Ebola and Marburg are closely related, newly emergent viruses that have in recent years caused epidemics in central Africa, with very high rates of mortality. Hantavirus occurs in many different parts of the world and is spread to humans from field rodents via microscopic bits of their excretions that get into the air and are inhaled. It was originally known as a disease of Asia and Europe that primarily attacked the kidneys, but a more deadly pulmonary form of hantavirus infection has more recently caused numerous fatalities in the United States, Chile, and other countries. Lassa fever, also spread to humans from rodent excretions, occurs primarily in W Africa. Closely related to the Lassa virus are the Junin and Machupo viruses, which have caused outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in South America. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, which is found primarily in Africa, SW and central Asia, and SE Europe, and Rift Valley fever, which can result in hemorrhagic fever in humans and is found in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, are typically transmitted to humans from livestock by ticks or mosquitoes respectively or by contact with fluids or tissues from infected animals. Yellow fever, transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, still occurs in tropical areas despite largely successful control efforts. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, also spread by mosquitoes, has in recent years caused many fatalities among children in tropical countries.

There is usually no specific treatment to combat the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. One exception is the drug ribavirin, which has been effective in treating Lassa fever and has also been used to treat a form of hantavirus infection and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Treatment generally consists of such supportive measures as the replacement of lost blood, the maintainence of fluid balance, and the alleviation of symptoms. Survival depends largely upon the virulence of the virus strain and the quality of treatment. An experimental vaccine for Ebola was developed and used in a limited manner against the strain that caused the 2013–15 West African outbreak, but its long-term effectiveness is unclear.

Bibliography

See R. Reston, The Hot Zone (1994).

hemorrhagic fever


hem·or·rhag·ic fe·ver

a syndrome that occurs in perhaps 20-40% of infections by a number of different viruses of the families Arenaviridae (Lassa fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Argentinean hemorrhagic fever), Bunyaviridae (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever), Flaviviridae (Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever), and Filoviridae (Ebola fever, Marburg virus disease). Some types of hemorrhagic fever are tick borne, others mosquito borne, and some seem to be zoonoses; clinical manifestations include high fever, scattered petechiae, bleeding from gastrointestinal tract and other organs, hypotension, and shock; kidney damage may be severe, especially in Korean hemorrhagic fever and neurologic signs may appear, especially in the Argentinean-Bolivian types. Five types of hemorrhagic fever are transmissible person-to-person: Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Ebola fever, Marburg virus disease, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
See also: epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Synonym(s): Ebola hemorrhagic fever

hemorrhagic fever

n. Any of a group of viral diseases, including dengue, yellow fever, Ebola, and Lassa fever, that are typically transmitted to humans by arthropods or mammals, especially rodents, and that affect multiple organ systems, causing fever and usually bleeding and leading in severe cases to hypotension, shock, coma, and death. Also called viral hemorrhagic fever.

hem·or·rhag·ic fe·ver

(hem'ŏr-aj'ik fē'vĕr) An infectious syndrome caused by several different viruses. Some types of hemorrhagic fever are tick borne, others mosquito borne, and some airborne; others are zoonoses; clinical manifestations are high fever, scattered petechiae, bleeding in gastrointestinal tract and other organs, hypotension, and shock; kidney damage may be severe, especially in Korean hemorrhagic fever, and neurologic signs may appear, especially in the Argentine-Bolivian types. Four types of hemorrhagic fever are transmissible person-to-person: Lassa fever, Ebola fever, Marburg virus disease, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
See also: epidemic hemorrhagic fever
Synonym(s): haemorrhagic fever.

Hemorrhagic Fever


Hemorrhagic Fever

Any virus that causes both fever and excessive bleeding due to the reduced ability of blood to coagulate. Hemorrhagic fevers are spread from person to person through respiration. As such, there is concern that hemorrhagic fevers have potential in bioweapons.
AcronymsSeehafnium

hemorrhagic fever


Related to hemorrhagic fever: Korean hemorrhagic fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
  • noun

Synonyms for hemorrhagic fever

noun a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area)

Synonyms

  • haemorrhagic fever
  • VHF
  • viral haemorrhagic fever
  • viral hemorrhagic fever

Related Words

  • Argentine hemorrhagic fever
  • Ebola
  • Ebola fever
  • Ebola hemorrhagic fever
  • Lassa fever
  • Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever
  • Rift Valley fever
  • viral infection
  • virus infection
  • green monkey disease
  • Marburg disease
  • Marburg hemorrhagic fever
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更新时间：2024/12/22 22:08:52