| 单词 | hyoscyamine | |||
| 释义 | hyoscyamineenUKhy·o·scy·a·mineH0354600 (hī′ə-sī′ə-mēn′)hyoscyamine(ˌhaɪəˈsaɪəˌmiːn; -mɪn)hy•os•cy•a•mine(ˌhaɪ əˈsaɪ əˌmin, -mɪn)n.
hyoscyamineenUKhyoscyamine[‚hī·ə′sī·ə‚mēn]hyoscyamineenUKhyoscyamine[hi″o-si´ah-mēn]hyoscyaminehyoscyamine sulfatePharmacologic class: Anticholinergic Therapeutic class: Antispasmodic Pregnancy risk category C ActionCompetitively inhibits acetylcholine action at autonomic nerve sites, relaxing smooth muscle and decreasing glandular secretions Availabilityhyoscyamine Tablets: 0.15 mg hyoscyamine sulfate Capsules (timed-release): 0.375 mg Elixir: 0.125 mg/5 ml Injection: 0.5 mg/ml Oral solution: 0.125 mg/ml Tablets: 0.125 mg Tablets (extended-release): 0.375 mg Tablets (orally disintegrating): 0.125 mg Tablets (sublingual): 0.125 mg Indications and dosages➣ Adjunct in GI tract disorders; pain and hypersecretion in pancreatitis; cystitis; renal colic; infant colic; acute rhinitis; rigidity, tremors, and hyperhidrosis in Parkinson's disease; partial heart block due to vagal activity Adults and children ages 12 and older: 0.125 to 0.25 mg (sulfate) P.O. or S.L. two to four times daily, or 0.375 to 0.75 mg (extended-release sulfate) P.O. q 12 hours, or 0.25 to 0.5 mg (sulfate) subcutaneously, I.M., or I.V. two to four times daily p.r.n. Children ages 2 to 12: In children weighing approximately 50 kg (110 lb), 0.125 mg (sulfate) P.O. q 4 hours p.r.n.; in children weighing approximately 20 kg (40 lb), 0.0625 mg P.O. (sulfate); in children weighing approximately 10 kg (22 lb), 0.031 to 0.033 mg (sulfate) P.O. Don't exceed 0.75 mg/day. Children ages 2 and younger: In children weighing approximately 7 kg (15 lb), 0.025 (sulfate) P.O. q 4 hours p.r.n.; in children weighing approximately 5 kg (11 lb), 0.0208 mg (sulfate) P.O. q 4 hours p.r.n.; in children weighing approximately 3.4 kg (7.5 lb), 0.0167 mg (sulfate) P.O. q 4 hours p.r.n.; in children weighing approximately 2.3 kg (5 lb), 0.0125 mg (sulfate) P.O. q 4 hours p.r.n. ➣ Before endoscopy or hypotonic duodenography Adults: 0.25 to 0.5 mg (sulfate) subcutaneously, I.M., or I.V. 5 to 10 minutes before procedure ➣ Preoperatively to inhibit salivation and excessive respiratory secretions Adults and children older than age 2: 5 mcg/kg (sulfate) I.M., I.V., or subcutaneously 30 to 60 minutes before anesthesia induction ➣ Muscarinic toxicity Adults: 1 to 2 mg (sulfate) I.V. Additional 1-mg doses may be given I.M. or I.V. q 3 to 10 minutes until muscarinic signs and symptoms subside; doses may be repeated if needed. Patient may need up to 25 mg during first 24 hours. For maintenance, 0.5 to 1 mg P.O. at intervals of several hours until signs and symptoms disappear. Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to anticholinergics, alcohol, sulfites, or tartrazine • Angle-closure glaucoma, synechia • GU or GI obstructive disease, severe ulcerative colitis • Renal or hepatic disease • Neonates or premature infants PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • cardiovascular disease, prostatic hypertrophy, reflux esophagitis, brain damage, autonomic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, Down syndrome, spastic paralysis • elderly patients • pregnant (safety not established) or breastfeeding patients • infants and small children. Administration• Administer 30 to 60 minutes before meals and at bedtime. • Give bedtime dose at least 2 hours after last evening meal or snack. • Be aware that hyoscyamine is given P.O. only, whereas hyoscyamine sulfate may be given P.O., I.M., I.V., sublingually, or subcutaneously. • Know that a cholinerase reactivator (pralidoxime) is given concomitantly to treat muscarinic toxicity.  Adverse reactionsCNS: confusion, excitement, nervousness, dizziness, light-headedness, headache, insomnia CV: palpitations, tachycardia EENT: blurred vision, cycloplegia, increased intraocular pressure, mydriasis, photophobia GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, bloating, dry mouth, paralytic ileus GU: urinary hesitancy or retention, erectile dysfunction, lactation suppression Skin: flushing, decreased sweating, urticaria, local irritation (with I.M., I.V., or subcutaneous use) Other: altered taste, allergic reactions (including fever), heat intolerance, anaphylaxis InteractionsDrug-drug. Amantadine, antihistamines, antiparkinsonian drugs, disopyramide, glutethimide, meperidine, procainamide, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants: increased anticholinergic effects Antacids: decreased hyoscyamine absorption Atenolol: increased atenolol effects Ketoconazole: interference with absorption of both drugs Methotrimeprazine: increased risk of extrapyramidal effects Phenothiazines: decreased phenothiazine effects, increased anticholinergic effects Drug-herbs. Jimsonweed: adverse cardiovascular effects Patient monitoring• Watch for adverse reactions. • Check for mental status changes, such as confusion. • Evaluate fluid intake and output. • Assess patient's response to temperature changes (especially hot weather). Drug may cause heat intolerance, predisposing patient to heat stroke. Patient teaching• Tell patient to take on empty stomach 30 to 60 minutes before meals and at least 2 hours after last evening meal or snack. • Instruct patient with urinary hesitancy to empty bladder before taking. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and herbs mentioned above. ihy·o·scy·a·mine(hī'ō-sī'ă-mēn),hyoscyamine(hī′ə-sī′ə-mēn′)hy·o·scy·a·mine(hī'ō-sī'ă-mēn)hyoscyamineAn ATROPINE-like drug used to relax smooth muscle spasm, as in colic, and for its sedative effect.hy·o·scy·a·mine(hī'ō-sī'ă-mēn)hyoscyamineenUK
Words related to hyoscyamine
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