Hunedoara

a district (judet) in central Rumania, in the region where the Southern Carpathians, the Western Rumanian Mountains, and the Poiana Ruscă Mountains converge. Area, 7,000 sq km. Population, 518,800 (1975). The capital is the city of Deva.

Hunedoara’s industry accounts for 3.7 percent of Rumania’s gross industrial output. Ferrous metallurgy, represented by a combine in the city of Hunedoara, accounts for 53.4 percent of the district’s gross output. The fuel and energy industry contributes 14.8 percent of the district’s gross output. Other developed industries are machine building (6.2 percent), food processing (5.3 percent), and nonferrous metallurgy. The district also has plants of the building-materials, chemical, lumber and wood-products, leather and footwear, and clothing industries. More than 8 million tons of hard coal are mined annually in the Petroşani coalfield, and iron ore, copper, complex ores, pyrites, talc, marble, and construction stone are mined or quarried in the district. The principal industrial centers are Hunedoara and Petroşani.

Forests cover 45 percent of the district, arable land 13 percent, and meadows and pastures 36 percent. The district’s agriculture accounts for 1.4 percent of Rumania’s gross output. Grain crops, principally maize and wheat, and feed crops are cultivated; vegetables, mainly potatoes, and fruit are also grown. As of 1976, the livestock population included 148,000 head of cattle, 117,000 swine, and 241,600 sheep.

a city in Rumania, in Hunedoara District; situated in the valley of the Cerna River, a tributary of the Mureş. Population, 78,800 (1975). A center of ferrous metallurgy, Hunedoara has a combine that produces 3 million tons of steel annually using iron ore from nearby deposits in the Poiana Ruscă Mountains and coking coal from the Petroşani coalfield. The city has enterprises of the coke, chemical, food-processing, and building-materials industries. Of historical note is the Huniazi Castle.