ileocecal insufficiency

insufficiency

[in″sŭ-fish´en-se] inability to perform properly an allotted function; called also incompetence.adrenal insufficiency abnormally diminished activity of the adrenal gland; called also hypoadrenalism.adrenocortical insufficiency abnormally diminished secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex; see also addison's disease. Called also hypoadrenocorticism and hypocorticism.aortic insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >aortic valve, permitting regurgitation" >aortic regurgitation.coronary insufficiency decreased supply of blood to the myocardium resulting from constriction or obstruction of the coronary arteries, but not accompanied by necrosis of the myocardial cells. Called also myocardial ischemia.ileocecal insufficiency inability of the valve" >ileocecal valve to prevent backflow of contents from the cecum into the ileum.mitral insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >mitral valve, permitting regurgitation" >mitral regurgitation.placental insufficiency dysfunction of the placenta, with reduction in the area of exchange of nutrients; it often leads to fetal growth retardation.pulmonary insufficiency 1. pulmonary valve insufficiency.2. respiratory insufficiency.pulmonary valve insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >pulmonary valve, permitting regurgitation" >pulmonic regurgitation.respiratory insufficiency see respiratory insufficiency.thyroid insufficiency hypothyroidism.tricuspid insufficiency incomplete closure of the valve" >tricuspid valve, resulting in regurgitation" >tricuspid regurgitation.valvular insufficiency failure of a cardiac valve to close perfectly, causing regurgitation" >valvular regurgitation; see also aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid insufficiency.velopharyngeal insufficiency inadequate closure" >velopharyngeal closure, due to a condition such as cleft palate or muscular dysfunction, resulting in defective speech.venous insufficiency inadequacy of the venous valves and impairment of venous return from the lower limbs (stasis" >venous stasis), often with edema and sometimes with ulcers" >stasis ulcers at the ankle.

insufficiency

(in?su-fish'en-se) [ L. insufficientia, insufficiency] Inadequacy for a specific purpose.

active insufficiency

Loss of the ability to generate muscle tension because of muscle shortening. See: Active Insufficiency

acute adrenocortical insufficiency

Sudden deficiency of adrenocortical hormone brought on by sepsis, surgery, or Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. A frequent cause is sudden withdrawal of adrenal corticosteroids from patients with adrenal atrophy secondary to chronic steroid administration. Synonym: addisonian crisis; adrenal crisis

adrenal insufficiency

Abnormally low production of cortisol. Primary adrenal insufficiency results from inadequate cortisol production by the adrenal glands, as in Addison disease. Secondary adrenal insufficiency results from a decrease in the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or its release from the pituitary gland.

aortic insufficiency

Abbreviation: AI
An imperfect closure of the aortic semilunar valve at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta, due to distortion of the valve leaflets or dilation of the aortic annulus. This causes blood that has been ejected into the aorta to fall back into the left ventricle. It may produce volume overload of the ventricle, leading to left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, and congestive heart failure. Stroke volume and ejection fraction (EF) fall. Synonym: aortic incompetence; aortic regurgitation; aortic valve insufficiency

Chronic aortic insufficiency produces a gradual volume overload of the heart and eventual congestive heart failure. It may occur in patients with poorly controlled hypertension, tertiary syphilis, Marfan's disease, or other disorders that affect aortic valve competence. Management often includes antihypertensive vasodilators such as nifedipine. If congestive heart failure becomes severe enough, valve replacement may be recommended for patients who are good operative candidates. Surgery usually is recommended to be done before EF falls below 55%.

Symptoms

Chronic AI may be asymptomatic until heart failure (HF) occurs. With HF, patients often report difficulty breathing, e.g., during exercise or sleep, and lower extremity swelling. Patients may occasionally report palpitations or a subjective awareness of their heart beating.

Physical Findings

The murmur of AI occurs in diastole, is high-pitched (best heard using the diaphragm of the stethoscope), and is usually described as “blowing” and “decrescendo.” It is best heard at the left second to fourth intercostal spaces, radiating to the apex and sometimes the right sternal border, after the patient exhales and sits leaning forward, holding his or her breath. Patients with AI often have a widened pulse pressure with a waterhammer pulse and may have head bobbing, bobbing of the uvula, or visible movement of blood under the nails when the tips of the nails are gently compressed (Quincke pulse). The patient may experience dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and fatigue.

Patient care

A history of related cardiac illnesses and symptoms is obtained. Fever and other signs of infection are noted. Vital signs, weight, and fluid intake and output are monitored for indications of fluid overload. Activity tolerance and degree of fatigue are assessed regularly, and the patient is taught to intersperse periods of activity with rest.

Desired outcomes include adequate cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion and cardiac output, reduced fatigue with exertion, and ability to manage the treatment regimen.

aortic valve insufficiency

Aortic insufficiency.

cardiac insufficiency

Heart failure.

coronary insufficiency

Obstruction to the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in an inadequate supply of blood relative to the metabolic demands of the heart muscle. See: angina pectoris; coronary artery disease

gastric insufficiency

Inability of the stomach to empty itself.

hepatic insufficiency

Inability of the liver to produce albumin, bile, or proteins, or to detoxify xenobiotics that are taken up by the gastrointestinal tract.

ileocecal insufficiency

Ileocecal incompetence.

ill-sustained insufficiency

Difficulty in maintaining visual accommodation, esp. after much reading or close work. Synonym: ill-sustained accommadation

mitral insufficiency

Mitral regurgitation.

muscular insufficiency

A condition in which a muscle is unable to exert its normal force and bring about normal movement of the part to which it is attached.

insufficiency of ocular muscles

Absence of dynamic equilibrium of ocular muscles.

myocardial insufficiency

Inability of the heart to perform its usual function, eventually resulting in cardiac failure.

passive insufficiency

A restriction in the range of motion of multijoint muscles such as the extrinsic finger flexors and extensors, the hamstrings, and the quadriceps caused by inadequate extensibility of antagonist muscles, muscle groups or fascia. This limitation is a normal property of multijoint muscles and helps optimize the relation between muscle length and tension. See: Passive Insufficiency

primary adrenal insufficiency

Addison disease.

pulmonary valvular insufficiency

Imperfect closure of the pulmonary semilunar valve at the junction of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The clinical consequences may include right ventricular failure.

renal insufficiency

A less-preferred term for chronic kidney disease. See: chronic kidney disease

respiratory insufficiency

Inadequate oxygen intake or carbon dioxide removal associated with abnormal breathing and signs and symptoms of distress.

secondary adrenal insufficiency

Insufficient stimulation of the adrenal glands caused by failure of the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone. In this disorder, cortisol levels are reduced, but aldosterone secretion, which is governed by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is preserved. This differs from primary adrenal insufficiency or Addison disease in which the adrenal glands secrete neither cortisol nor aldosterone.

tertiary adrenal insufficiency

Inadequate stimulation of the adrenal glands that results from a failure of the hypothalamus to secrete corticotropic-releasing hormone.

thyroid insufficiency

Hypothyroidism.

uteroplacental insufficiency

Inadequate blood flow through the placental intervillous spaces to enable sufficient transmission of nutrients, oxygen, and fetal wastes. It may be caused by diminished maternal cardiac output due to anemia, heart disease, regional anesthesia, or supine hypotension; vasoconstriction due to chronic or pregnancy-related hypertension or uterine overstimulation; vasospasm due to pregnancy-induced hypertension; vascular sclerosis due to maternal diabetes or collagen disease; or intrauterine infection. It increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation.

valvular insufficiency

Valvular incompetence.

velopharyngeal insufficiency

Failure of the palatal sphincter to close, with inadequate separation of the nasopharynx from the oropharynx. This may result in snoring, nasal speech, or inhalation of food into the nasal passages Synonym: velopharygeal incompetence See: cleft palate

venous insufficiency

A failure of the valves of the veins to function, which interferes with venous return to the heart, and may produce edema.

单词	ileocecal insufficiency
释义	DictionarySeeinsufficiency ileocecal insufficiency insufficiency [in″sŭ-fish´en-se] inability to perform properly an allotted function; called also incompetence.adrenal insufficiency abnormally diminished activity of the adrenal gland; called also hypoadrenalism.adrenocortical insufficiency abnormally diminished secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex; see also addison's disease. Called also hypoadrenocorticism and hypocorticism.aortic insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >aortic valve, permitting regurgitation" >aortic regurgitation.coronary insufficiency decreased supply of blood to the myocardium resulting from constriction or obstruction of the coronary arteries, but not accompanied by necrosis of the myocardial cells. Called also myocardial ischemia.ileocecal insufficiency inability of the valve" >ileocecal valve to prevent backflow of contents from the cecum into the ileum.mitral insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >mitral valve, permitting regurgitation" >mitral regurgitation.placental insufficiency dysfunction of the placenta, with reduction in the area of exchange of nutrients; it often leads to fetal growth retardation.pulmonary insufficiency 1. pulmonary valve insufficiency.2. respiratory insufficiency.pulmonary valve insufficiency inadequate closure of the valve" >pulmonary valve, permitting regurgitation" >pulmonic regurgitation.respiratory insufficiency see respiratory insufficiency.thyroid insufficiency hypothyroidism.tricuspid insufficiency incomplete closure of the valve" >tricuspid valve, resulting in regurgitation" >tricuspid regurgitation.valvular insufficiency failure of a cardiac valve to close perfectly, causing regurgitation" >valvular regurgitation; see also aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid insufficiency.velopharyngeal insufficiency inadequate closure" >velopharyngeal closure, due to a condition such as cleft palate or muscular dysfunction, resulting in defective speech.venous insufficiency inadequacy of the venous valves and impairment of venous return from the lower limbs (stasis" >venous stasis), often with edema and sometimes with ulcers" >stasis ulcers at the ankle. insufficiency (in?su-fish'en-se) [ L. insufficientia, insufficiency] Inadequacy for a specific purpose. active insufficiency Loss of the ability to generate muscle tension because of muscle shortening. See: Active Insufficiency acute adrenocortical insufficiency Sudden deficiency of adrenocortical hormone brought on by sepsis, surgery, or Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. A frequent cause is sudden withdrawal of adrenal corticosteroids from patients with adrenal atrophy secondary to chronic steroid administration. Synonym: addisonian crisis; adrenal crisis adrenal insufficiency Abnormally low production of cortisol. Primary adrenal insufficiency results from inadequate cortisol production by the adrenal glands, as in Addison disease. Secondary adrenal insufficiency results from a decrease in the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or its release from the pituitary gland. aortic insufficiency Abbreviation: AI An imperfect closure of the aortic semilunar valve at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta, due to distortion of the valve leaflets or dilation of the aortic annulus. This causes blood that has been ejected into the aorta to fall back into the left ventricle. It may produce volume overload of the ventricle, leading to left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, and congestive heart failure. Stroke volume and ejection fraction (EF) fall. Synonym: aortic incompetence; aortic regurgitation; aortic valve insufficiency Chronic aortic insufficiency produces a gradual volume overload of the heart and eventual congestive heart failure. It may occur in patients with poorly controlled hypertension, tertiary syphilis, Marfan's disease, or other disorders that affect aortic valve competence. Management often includes antihypertensive vasodilators such as nifedipine. If congestive heart failure becomes severe enough, valve replacement may be recommended for patients who are good operative candidates. Surgery usually is recommended to be done before EF falls below 55%. Symptoms Chronic AI may be asymptomatic until heart failure (HF) occurs. With HF, patients often report difficulty breathing, e.g., during exercise or sleep, and lower extremity swelling. Patients may occasionally report palpitations or a subjective awareness of their heart beating. Physical Findings The murmur of AI occurs in diastole, is high-pitched (best heard using the diaphragm of the stethoscope), and is usually described as “blowing” and “decrescendo.” It is best heard at the left second to fourth intercostal spaces, radiating to the apex and sometimes the right sternal border, after the patient exhales and sits leaning forward, holding his or her breath. Patients with AI often have a widened pulse pressure with a waterhammer pulse and may have head bobbing, bobbing of the uvula, or visible movement of blood under the nails when the tips of the nails are gently compressed (Quincke pulse). The patient may experience dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and fatigue. Patient care A history of related cardiac illnesses and symptoms is obtained. Fever and other signs of infection are noted. Vital signs, weight, and fluid intake and output are monitored for indications of fluid overload. Activity tolerance and degree of fatigue are assessed regularly, and the patient is taught to intersperse periods of activity with rest. Desired outcomes include adequate cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion and cardiac output, reduced fatigue with exertion, and ability to manage the treatment regimen. aortic valve insufficiency Aortic insufficiency. cardiac insufficiency Heart failure. coronary insufficiency Obstruction to the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in an inadequate supply of blood relative to the metabolic demands of the heart muscle. See: angina pectoris; coronary artery disease gastric insufficiency Inability of the stomach to empty itself. hepatic insufficiency Inability of the liver to produce albumin, bile, or proteins, or to detoxify xenobiotics that are taken up by the gastrointestinal tract. ileocecal insufficiency Ileocecal incompetence. ill-sustained insufficiency Difficulty in maintaining visual accommodation, esp. after much reading or close work. Synonym: ill-sustained accommadation mitral insufficiency Mitral regurgitation. muscular insufficiency A condition in which a muscle is unable to exert its normal force and bring about normal movement of the part to which it is attached. insufficiency of ocular muscles Absence of dynamic equilibrium of ocular muscles. myocardial insufficiency Inability of the heart to perform its usual function, eventually resulting in cardiac failure. passive insufficiency A restriction in the range of motion of multijoint muscles such as the extrinsic finger flexors and extensors, the hamstrings, and the quadriceps caused by inadequate extensibility of antagonist muscles, muscle groups or fascia. This limitation is a normal property of multijoint muscles and helps optimize the relation between muscle length and tension. See: Passive Insufficiency primary adrenal insufficiency Addison disease. pulmonary valvular insufficiency Imperfect closure of the pulmonary semilunar valve at the junction of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The clinical consequences may include right ventricular failure. renal insufficiency A less-preferred term for chronic kidney disease. See: chronic kidney disease respiratory insufficiency Inadequate oxygen intake or carbon dioxide removal associated with abnormal breathing and signs and symptoms of distress. secondary adrenal insufficiency Insufficient stimulation of the adrenal glands caused by failure of the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone. In this disorder, cortisol levels are reduced, but aldosterone secretion, which is governed by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is preserved. This differs from primary adrenal insufficiency or Addison disease in which the adrenal glands secrete neither cortisol nor aldosterone. tertiary adrenal insufficiency Inadequate stimulation of the adrenal glands that results from a failure of the hypothalamus to secrete corticotropic-releasing hormone. thyroid insufficiency Hypothyroidism. uteroplacental insufficiency Inadequate blood flow through the placental intervillous spaces to enable sufficient transmission of nutrients, oxygen, and fetal wastes. It may be caused by diminished maternal cardiac output due to anemia, heart disease, regional anesthesia, or supine hypotension; vasoconstriction due to chronic or pregnancy-related hypertension or uterine overstimulation; vasospasm due to pregnancy-induced hypertension; vascular sclerosis due to maternal diabetes or collagen disease; or intrauterine infection. It increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation. valvular insufficiency Valvular incompetence. velopharyngeal insufficiency Failure of the palatal sphincter to close, with inadequate separation of the nasopharynx from the oropharynx. This may result in snoring, nasal speech, or inhalation of food into the nasal passages Synonym: velopharygeal incompetence See: cleft palate venous insufficiency A failure of the valves of the veins to function, which interferes with venous return to the heart, and may produce edema. LegalSeeInsufficiency
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