| 单词 | hansen's disease | |||
| 释义 | Hansen's diseaseHan·sen's diseaseH0052200 (hăn′sənz)Hansen's disease(ˈhænsənz)
Hansen's diseaseHansen's disease:see leprosyleprosyor Hansen's disease , chronic, mildly infectious malady capable of producing, when untreated, various deformities and disfigurements. It is caused by the rod-shaped bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, first described by G. ..... Click the link for more information. . Hansen's disease[′han·sənz di‚zēz]Hansen's diseaseleprosy[lep´ro-se]Leprosy is not inherited, but the actual means of transmission have not yet been established. It is known that the source of infection is the discharge from lesions of persons with active cases. It is believed that the bacillus enters the body through the skin or through the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Leprosy is considered one of the least contagious of infectious diseases; only 3 to 5 per cent of those exposed to it ever contract it. In the lepromatous type, open sores later appear on the face, earlobes, and forehead, with tests showing large numbers of bacilli in the discharge from these lesions. If progress of the disease is not checked by treatment, the fingers and toes disintegrate and there may be other disfiguring due to trauma to the insensitive extremities. Death may occur in extreme cases of this type, but more often it is due to a secondary infection, such as tuberculosis or pneumonia. In the tuberculoid type, there is loss of sensation on sections of the skin and atrophy of muscles. This often results in contraction of the hand into a claw. Leprosy is further classified as either paucibacillary or multibacillary according to whether there are fewer or more than five lesions or patches present. Treatment continues for several years at least, and sometimes indefinitely. In addition to specific medical therapy, adequate rest, diet, and exercise are provided. Physical therapy is employed to retrain affected muscles. Psychiatric help, not only for leprosy patients but for their close contacts and those who only imagine they have been exposed, is invaluable in relieving the anxieties arising from the age-old misconceptions about the disease. Among the public health measures used to prevent leprosy are the laws in most countries requiring that all cases be reported to the local authorities and that all discharged leprous patients be examined at six-month intervals. Most countries also refuse entry to immigrants known to be infected. In the United States, information about leprosy, as well as treatment, can be obtained from the Gillis Long Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, LA 70721, telephone 800-642-2477. Hansen's disease(hăn′sənz)Hansen's diseaseLeprosy. An infection of the skin and the nerves, caused by the slowly replicating organism Mycobacterium leprae . Infectivity is low and the incubation period of the disease is from 2–5 years. Untreated Hansen's disease may cause loss of fingers and toes due to trauma to anaesthetized parts, and severe facial disfigurement and blindness. In the lepromatous form the body's immune reaction is poor and tissue destruction is great. In the tuberculoid form there is a good immune response and the disease is milder and non-infectious. Treatment with the drug dapsone is now less effective because of bacterial resistance and this has been replaced by drugs such as rifampicin, clofazimine and ethionamide, used in combination. Thalidomide is also valuable in the treatment of Hansen's disease.Hansen's disease
Synonyms for Hansen's disease
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Hansen's disease - chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae