icon

i·con

I0015000 (ī′kŏn′)n.1. also i·kon (ī′kŏn′)a. An image; a representation.b. A representation or picture of a sacred or sanctified Christian personage, traditionally used and venerated in the Eastern Church.2. An important and enduring symbol: "The disposable lighter is an icon of the throwaway mentality that began to take shape in the years following World War II" (Susan Freinkel).3. One who is the object of great attention and devotion; an idol: "He is ... a pop icon designed and manufactured for the video generation" (Harry F. Waters).4. Computers A picture on a screen that represents a specific file, directory, window, option, or program.

[Latin īcōn, from Greek eikōn, from eikenai, to be like, seem.]

icon

(ˈaɪkɒn) n1. (Eastern Church (Greek & Russian Orthodox)) Also: ikon a representation of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint, esp one painted in oil on a wooden panel, depicted in a traditional Byzantine style and venerated in the Eastern Church2. an image, picture, representation, etc3. a person or thing regarded as a symbol of a belief, nation, community, or cultural movement4. a person regarded as a sex symbol or as a symbol of the latest fashion trends5. (Computer Science) a pictorial representation of a facility available on a computer system, that enables the facility to be activated by means of a screen cursor rather than by a textual instruction[C16: from Latin, from Greek eikōn image, from eikenai to be like]

i•con

(ˈaɪ kɒn)

n. 1. a picture, image, or other representation. 2. an image of Christ, a saint, etc., usu. painted on a wooden panel or done in mosaics and venerated as sacred in the Eastern Church. 3. a sign or representation that stands for something by virtue of a resemblance or analogy to it; symbol: an icon of womanhood. 4. a person or thing that is revered or idolized: a pop icon. 5. a small graphic image on a computer screen representing a disk drive, a file, or a software command, as a wastebasket that can be used to delete a file. [1565–75; < Latin < Greek eikṓn likeness, image, figure] i•con′ic, adj. i•con′i•cal•ly, adv. i•co•nic•i•ty (ˌaɪ kəˈnɪs ɪ ti) n.

icon

- Originally a "simile" in rhetoric; its etymological idea is of "similarity," from Greek eikon, "likeness, similarity."See also related terms for similarity.

icon

1. A religious painting (usually on wood or ivory) associated with Eastern churches.2. A symbol or picture that represents an item of software or hardware.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	icon - (computer science) a graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interfacecomputer science, computing - the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structuresgraphical user interface, GUI - a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input devicesymbol - an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance
	2.	icon - a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; "they showed us the pictures of their wedding"; "a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them"ikon, picture, imagebitmap, electronic image - an image represented as a two dimensional array of brightness values for pixelschiaroscuro - a monochrome picture made by using several different shades of the same colorcollage, montage - a paste-up made by sticking together pieces of paper or photographs to form an artistic image; "he used his computer to make a collage of pictures superimposed on a map"transparency, foil - picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing on a transparent base; viewed with a projectorcomputer graphic, graphic - an image that is generated by a computericonography - the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject; "religious iconography"; "the propagandistic iconography of a despot"inset - a small picture inserted within the bounds or a larger onelikeness, semblance - picture consisting of a graphic image of a person or thingcyclorama, diorama, panorama - a picture (or series of pictures) representing a continuous scenereflection, reflexion - the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material); "he studied his reflection in the mirror"representation - a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or somethingCAT scan, scan - an image produced by scanning; "he analyzed the brain scan"; "you could see the tumor in the CAT scan"echogram, sonogram - an image of a structure that is produced by ultrasonography (reflections of high-frequency sound waves); used to observe fetal growth or to study bodily organs
	3.	icon - a conventional religious painting in oil on a small wooden panel; venerated in the Eastern Churchikonpainting, picture - graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface; "a small painting by Picasso"; "he bought the painting as an investment"; "his pictures hang in the Louvre"

icon

noun1. idol, hero, superstar, favourite, pet, darling, pin-up (slang) a fashion icon of the nineties2. representation, image, figure, statue, idol, likeness, effigy He came home with a haul of religious icons. like, iconomania

Translations

偶像

icon,

ikon

(ˈaikoun) noun1. (also ikon) especially in the Orthodox Churches, a painting etc of Christ or a saint. 圣像，偶像 2. a small graphic sign on a computer screen representing an application that the user can choose. （计算机屏幕上表示命令、程序的）图标，图示

icon

→ 偶像zhCN

icon

[Gr. eikon=image], single image created as a focal point of religious veneration, especially a painted or carved portable object of the Orthodox Eastern faith. Icons commonly represent Christ Pantocrator, the Virgin as Queen of the Heavens, or, less frequently, the saints; since the 6th cent. they have been considered an aid to the devotee in making his prayers heard by the holy figure represented in the icon. The icon grew out of the mosaic and fresco tradition of early Byzantine art (see Byzantine art and architectureByzantine art and architecture,
works of art and structures works produced in the city of Byzantium after Constantine made it the capital of the Roman Empire (A.D. 330) and the work done under Byzantine influence, as in Venice, Ravenna, Norman Sicily, as well as in Syria,
..... Click the link for more information. ). It was used to decorate the wall and floor surfaces of churches, baptisteries, and sepulchers, and later was carried on standards in time of war and in religious processions. Although the art form was in common use by the end of the 5th cent., early monuments have been lost, largely because of their destruction during the iconoclastic controversy (726–843; see iconoclasmiconoclasm
[Gr.,=image breaking], opposition to the religious use of images. Veneration of pictures and statues symbolizing sacred figures, Christian doctrine, and biblical events was an early feature of Christian worship (see iconography; catacombs).
..... Click the link for more information. ). Little has survived that was created before the 10th cent. Byzantine icons were produced in great numbers until 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire. The practice was transplanted to Russia, where icons were made until the Revolution (see Russian art and architectureRussian art and architecture,
the artistic and architectural production of the geographical area of Russia. Early Christian Works

With the Christianization of Russia in the late 10th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. ). The anonymous artists of the Orthodox Eastern faith were concerned not with the conquest of space and movement as seen in the development of Western painting but instead with the portrayal of the symbolic or mystical aspects of the divine being. The stiff and conventionalized appearance of icons may bear some relationship to the two-dimensional, ornamental quality of the Eastern tradition. It is this effect more than any other that causes the icons in Byzantine and later in Russian and Greek Orthodox art to appear unchanging through the centuries; there is, however, a stylistic evolution in Byzanto-Russian art that can be seen through variations of a standard theme by local schools rather than through the development of an art style by periods. The term icon came to mean "subject matter" in the 19th-century German school of art historical study, and from this meaning were derived the terms iconographyiconography
[Gr.,=image-drawing] or iconology
[Gr.,=image-study], in art history, the study and interpretation of figural representations, either individual or symbolic, religious or secular; more broadly, the art of representation by pictures or images, which may or
..... Click the link for more information. and iconology.

Bibliography

See A. Schröder, Introduction to Icons (tr. 1967); K. Weitzmann et al., ed., A Treasure of Icons (tr. 1968); H. Skrobucha, The World of Icons (tr. 1971); D. and T. T. Rice, Icons and Their History (1974).

Icon

An image of sacred personages that are objects of veneration; found on buildings.

icon

a person of major social celebrity -notably in film, popular and rock music or sport – who becomes an object of identification, hero worship and emulation. See C. Gledhill, Stardom: Identity and Desire, (1991) London: Routledge

Icon

in the Christian religion (Orthodox and Catholic), in a broad sense, a representation of Jesus Christ, the Madonna, or the saints. The church considers icons to be sacred objects of worship. In a narrow sense, an icon is an easel painting that has a religious purpose. In the Catholic Church icons are predominantly sculptural in form; in the Orthodox Church they are images painted on wood.

Initially, the worship of icons was not a part of Christianity. It arose in the second century, flourishing during the fourth century despite the decree of the Council of Elvira of 306, which prohibited images in places of worship. Many of the church fathers spoke out against the worship of icons, and the Iconoclasts asserted that there was no dogmatic basis for this form of worship.

Icons, unlike idols, are not looked upon by the Christian Church as an identical representation of a deity, but as a symbol, mysteriously connected to it. An icon permits spiritual communication with its archetype and entrance into the supernatural world through an object of the real world. In church practice the worship of icons often develops into idolatry, and the material expression of the icon itself (including the paint) becomes the object of worship. Icons, like fetishes, are given magical properties. Believers often attribute specific powers to various icons that depict the same deity in different ways. For example, the icon of the grieving Madonna allegedly wards off sickness, and the icon of the unburnable Madonna protects against fires.

Icon worship helped strengthen the authority of the church and increase its wealth. Icons appear in Lamaism and several other religions.

icon

[′ī‚kän] (computer science) A symbolic representation of a computer function that appears on an electronic display and makes it possible to command this function by selecting the symbol.

icon

, ikon1. Art a representation of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint, esp one painted in oil on a wooden panel, depicted in a traditional Byzantine style and venerated in the Eastern Church 2. Computing a pictorial representation of a facility available on a computer system, that enables the facility to be activated by means of a screen cursor rather than by a textual instruction

Icon

(language)A descendant of SNOBOL4 with Pascal-likesyntax, produced by Griswold in the 1970's. Icon is ageneral-purpose language with special features for stringscanning. It has dynamic types: records, sets, lists,strings, tables. If has some object oriented features butno modules or exceptions. It has a primitive Unixinterface.

The central theme of Icon is the generator: when an expressionis evaluated it may be suspended and later resumed, producinga result sequence of values until it fails. Resumption takesplace implicitly in two contexts: iteration which issyntactically loop-like ('every-do'), and goal-directedevaluation in which a conditional expression automaticallyattempts to produce at least one result. Expressions thatfail are used in lieu of Booleans. Data backtracking issupported by a reversible assignment. Icon also hasco-expressions, which can be explicitly resumed at any time.

Version 8.8 by Ralph Griswold includesan interpreter, a compiler (for some platforms) and alibrary (v8.8). Icon has been ported to Amiga, Atari,CMS, Macintosh, Macintosh/MPW, MS-DOS, MVS, OS/2,Unix, VMS, Acorn.

See also Ibpag2.

ftp://cs.arizona.edu/icon/, MS-DOS FTP.

Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.lang.icon.

E-mail: , .

Mailing list: icon-group@arizona.edu.

["The Icon Programmming Language", Ralph E. Griswold and MadgeT. Griswold, Prentice Hall, seond edition, 1990].

["The Implementation of the Icon Programmming Language", RalphE. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold, Princeton University Press1986].

icon

(graphics)A small picture intended to represent something (afile, directory, or action) in a graphical user interface.When an icon is clicked on, some action is performed such asopening a directory or aborting a file transfer.

Icons are usually stored as bitmap images. Microsoft Windows uses a special bitmap format with file name extension".ico" as well as embedding icons in executable (".exe") andDynamically Linked Library (DLL) files.

The term originates from Alan Kay's theory for designinginterfaces which was primarily based on the work of JeromeBruner. Bruner's second developmental stage, iconic, uses asystem of representation that depends on visual or othersensory organization and upon the use of summarising images.

IEEE publication.

icon

(1) See Icon language.

(2) A small graphic symbol on screen that represents an action or a resource such as an application, file, folder, menu or setting. Clicking or tapping the icon selects the item. On Web pages, icons are also used as a link to other pages (see hypergraphic). See emoji.

Often Overused
When graphics-based interfaces (GUIs) began to replace command lines starting in the mid-1980s, icons were often used without accompanying text. In order to use a program smoothly, users had to memorize the symbols; otherwise, they had to hover the cursor over the icon and wait a couple seconds for a text explanation to hopefully appear. Even today, software designers create interfaces as if users never ran anything but their single application, resulting in myriad hieroglyphics users must remember.

iPhone Icons

Apple popularized the smartphone interface and prudently set an example of icons and text used together.

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Synonyms for icon

noun idol

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noun representation

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Synonyms for icon

noun (computer science) a graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interface

Related Words

noun a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

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noun a conventional religious painting in oil on a small wooden panel

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