harden

hard·en

H0058400 (här′dn)v. hard·ened, hard·en·ing, hard·ens v.tr.1. To make hard or harder: harden steel.2. To enable to withstand physical or mental hardship: was hardened by years of working as a farmer.3. To make unfeeling, unsympathetic, or callous: The betrayal hardened his heart against intimacy.4. To make fixed, settled, or less subject to change: "The incident only hardened existing attitudes while vanquishing any hope of collaboration" (Philip Dray).5. To make less vulnerable to attack by surrounding with earth or concrete: harden missile silos.v.intr.1. To become hard or harder.2. To become fixed, settled, or less subject to change: "Her early skepticism has hardened into cynicism" (Kelly Braffet).3. To become inured.4. To take on a disapproving or severe appearance: His face hardened with suspicion.5. To rise and become stable. Used of prices.Synonyms: harden, acclimate, acclimatize, season, toughen
These verbs mean to make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure: was hardened to frontier life; is acclimated to the tropical heat; was acclimatized by long hours to overwork; became seasoned to life in prison; has become toughened by adversity.

harden

(ˈhɑːdən) vb1. to make or become hard or harder; freeze, stiffen, or set2. to make or become more hardy, tough, or unfeeling3. to make or become stronger or firmer: they hardened defences. 4. to make or become more resolute or set: hardened in his resolve. 5. (Commerce) (intr) commerce a. (of prices, a market, etc) to cease to fluctuateb. (of price) to rise higher

harden

(ˈhɑːdən) n (Textiles) a rough fabric made from hards

hard•en

(ˈhɑr dn)

v.t. 1. to make hard or harder. 2. to make pitiless or unfeeling: to harden one's heart. 3. to make rigid, hardy, or unyielding; reinforce; toughen. 4. to reinforce (a military or strategic installation) as protection against nuclear bombardment. v.i. 5. to become hard or harder. 6. to become pitiless or unfeeling. 7. to become inured or unyielding. [1150–1200] hard′en•a•ble, adj.

harden

Past participle: hardened
Gerund: hardening

Imperative
harden
harden

Present
I harden
you harden
he/she/it hardens
we harden
you harden
they harden

Preterite
I hardened
you hardened
he/she/it hardened
we hardened
you hardened
they hardened

Present Continuous
I am hardening
you are hardening
he/she/it is hardening
we are hardening
you are hardening
they are hardening

Present Perfect
I have hardened
you have hardened
he/she/it has hardened
we have hardened
you have hardened
they have hardened

Past Continuous
I was hardening
you were hardening
he/she/it was hardening
we were hardening
you were hardening
they were hardening

Past Perfect
I had hardened
you had hardened
he/she/it had hardened
we had hardened
you had hardened
they had hardened

Future
I will harden
you will harden
he/she/it will harden
we will harden
you will harden
they will harden

Future Perfect
I will have hardened
you will have hardened
he/she/it will have hardened
we will have hardened
you will have hardened
they will have hardened

Future Continuous
I will be hardening
you will be hardening
he/she/it will be hardening
we will be hardening
you will be hardening
they will be hardening

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been hardening
you have been hardening
he/she/it has been hardening
we have been hardening
you have been hardening
they have been hardening

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been hardening
you will have been hardening
he/she/it will have been hardening
we will have been hardening
you will have been hardening
they will have been hardening

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been hardening
you had been hardening
he/she/it had been hardening
we had been hardening
you had been hardening
they had been hardening

Conditional
I would harden
you would harden
he/she/it would harden
we would harden
you would harden
they would harden

Past Conditional
I would have hardened
you would have hardened
he/she/it would have hardened
we would have hardened
you would have hardened
they would have hardened

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	harden - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened"induratechange - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"encrust, incrust - form a crust or a hard layercallus - form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused"harden, indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"calcify - become impregnated with calcium saltscure - make (substances) hard and improve their usability; "cure resin"; "cure cement"; "cure soap"soften - become soft or softer; "The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it"
	2.	harden - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"induratechange - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"face-harden - harden steel by adding carboncallus - cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet"anneal, temper, normalize - bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass"harden, indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened"soften - make soft or softer; "This liquid will soften your laundry"
	3.	harden - harden by reheating and cooling in oil; "temper steel"tempermodify - make less severe or harsh or extreme; "please modify this letter to make it more polite"; "he modified his views on same-gender marriage"
	4.	harden - make fit; "This trip will season even the hardiest traveller"seasontoughen - make tough or tougher; "This experience will toughen her"
	5.	harden - cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate; "He was inured to the cold"inure, induratecallous, cauterise, cauterize - make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or moralsbrace oneself for, prepare for, steel oneself against, steel onself for - prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasantaccustom, habituate - make psychologically or physically used (to something); "She became habituated to the background music"

harden

verb1. solidify, set, freeze, cake, bake, clot, thicken, stiffen, crystallize, congeal, coagulate, anneal Mould the mixture into shape before it hardens.2. accustom, season, toughen, train, brutalize, inure, habituate, case-harden hardened by the rigours of the Siberian steppes3. reinforce, strengthen, fortify, steel, nerve, brace, toughen, buttress, gird, indurate Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.

harden

verb1. To make or become physically hard:cake, concrete, congeal, dry, indurate, petrify, set, solidify.2. To make firmer in a particular conviction or habit:confirm, fortify, strengthen.3. To make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure:acclimate, acclimatize, caseharden, indurate, season, toughen.

Translations

使变硬

hard

(haːd) adjective1. firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc. The ground is too hard to dig.硬的2. not easy to do, learn, solve etc. Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.困难的3. not feeling or showing kindness. a hard master.冷酷的4. (of weather) severe. a hard winter.恶劣的5. having or causing suffering. a hard life; hard times.艰难的6. (of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added. The water is hard in this part of the country. 硬水 adverb1. with great effort. He works very hard; Think hard.努力地2. with great force; heavily. Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard. 猛烈的，重重地 3. with great attention. He stared hard at the man. 极专注地，紧紧地 4. to the full extent; completely. The car turned hard right.完全地ˈharden verb to make or become hard. Don't touch the toffee till it hardens; Try not to harden your heart against him.使变硬ˈhardness noun硬度ˈhardship noun (something which causes) pain, suffering etc. a life full of hardship.苦难ˈhard-and-fast adjective (of rules) that can never be changed or ignored. 不容变通的ˈhard-back noun a book with a hard cover. Hard-backs are more expensive than paperbacks. 硬书皮的书，精装书 ˌhard-ˈboiled adjective (of eggs) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid. （鸡蛋）煮得老的 hardˈdisk noun a device that is fixed inside a computer and is used for storing information. 硬盘ˈhard-earned adjective earned by hard work or with difficulty. I deserve every penny of my hard-earned wages.辛苦挣得的ˌhard-ˈheaded adjective practical; shrewd; not influenced by emotion. a hard-headed businessman. 讲实际的，头脑冷静的 ˌhard-ˈhearted adjective not feeling or showing pity or kindness. a hard-hearted employer.冷酷的ˈhardware noun1. metal goods such as pots, tools etc. This shop sells hardware.金属器具2. the mechanical parts of a computer. （电脑的）硬件 ˌhard-ˈwearing adjective that will not wear out easily. a hard-wearing fabric.耐磨损的be hard on1. to punish or criticize severely. Don't be too hard on the boy – he's too young to know that he was doing wrong.过分严厉地对待某人2. to be unfair to. If you punish all the children for the broken window it's a bit hard on those who had nothing to do with it.不公平地对待hard at it busy doing (something). I've been hard at it all day, trying to get this report finished. 忙于作（某事） hard done by unfairly treated. You should complain to the headmaster if you feel hard done by.受到不公平对待hard lines/luck bad luck. Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg.坏运气hard of hearing rather deaf. He is a bit hard of hearing now. 听觉不灵的，有点耳聋的 a hard time (of it) trouble, difficulty, worry etc. The audience gave the speaker a hard time of it at the meeting; The speaker had a hard time (of it) trying to make himself heard. 受苦，困难 hard up not having much especially money. I'm a bit hard up at the moment; I'm hard up for envelopes. （钱）不多，缺钱

harden

harden (one's) heart

To stop or cause one to stop feeling kindness and compassion. I worry that all the trauma she's already been through at such a young age will harden her heart.See also: harden, heart

harden (one's) heart against (someone or something)

1. To stop feeling kindness and compassion toward someone or something. Don't harden your heart against people who need our help. It's not their fault they're in that situation.2. To cause one to stop feeling kindness and compassion toward someone or something. I worry that all the trauma she's already been through at such a young age will harden her heart against other people.See also: harden, heart

harden off

To systematically expose a young plant to outdoor conditions so that it adapts well when moved outside permanently. A noun or pronoun can be used between "harden" and "off." That delicate plant won't survive outside unless you harden it off first.See also: harden, off

harden (oneself) to (something)

To ready or prepare oneself, often emotionally, for a difficult or unpleasant experience. How can I, as a therapist, ever harden myself to the pain of others? We all need to harden ourselves to the seriousness of Aunt Louise's diagnosis.See also: harden

harden up

1. To cause something to become physically harder or more solid. In this usage, a noun or pronoun is used between "harden" and "up." The tub of ice cream was melting, so I stuck it in the freezer to harden it up.2. To become physically harder or more solid. If the ice cream is melting, stick it in the freezer for a bit so it hardens up.See also: harden, up

the same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg

The same experience will trigger different reactions in people (perhaps toughening some and causing others to weaken or fail). A: "How is Casey completely fine after the car accident, and I'm still terrified to drive?" B: "Well, the same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg, you know. It's OK to feel differently than she does."See also: butter, egg, fire, harden, melt, same, that

harden oneself to something

Fig. to make oneself capable of bearing something unpleasant. You will have to learn to harden yourself to tragedies like this. They happen every day in a hospital. She had learned to harden herself to the kinds of poverty she had to work in.See also: harden

harden something off

to accustom a young plant to normal weather so it can be moved from a protected environment to the out-of-doors. We put the plants by the open window to harden them off. We hardened off the plants.See also: harden, off

harden something up

to make something hard or strong. Put the meat in the freezer awhile to harden it up before you try to slice it thin. Harden up the ice cream a little in the freezer.See also: harden, up

harden one's heart

Feel no sympathy for, as in We can't afford to give them more; we'll just have to harden our hearts when they ask . [Late 1300s] See also: harden, heart

steel one's heart against

Also, harden one's heart. Suppress one's feelings for, as in He finally steeled his heart against them and refused the loan, or You'll just have to harden your heart and tell them the truth. This metaphoric idiom transfers making something hard to rendering oneself insensible or unfeeling. Versions of it date from the late 1500s. Also see heart of stone. See also: heart, steel

harden your heart

If you harden your heart, you force yourself not to feel love or sympathy for someone or something. Note: The heart is traditionally regarded as the centre of the emotions. The weeping continued. Lionel hardened his heart against the sound. The government's violent response to the mass action will only harden the people's hearts against the ruling party. Note: You can also say that your heart hardens. Anna saw the hurt in her father's eyes and her heart hardened.See also: harden, heart

ˌharden your ˈheart against somebody/something

no longer be emotionally affected by somebody/something because you feel angry, bitter, etc., towards them/it: Doctors have to harden their hearts against the suffering they see every day.See also: harden, heart, somebody, something

harden

hard·en

harden

harden

hard•en

harden

harden

harden

hard

harden

harden (one's) heart

harden (one's) heart against (someone or something)

harden off

harden (oneself) to (something)

harden up

the same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg

harden oneself to something

harden something off

harden something up

harden one's heart

steel one's heart against

harden your heart

ˌharden your ˈheart against somebody/something

harden

harden

Harden

Har·den

Harden

Harden

harden

Synonyms for harden

verb solidify

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verb accustom

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verb reinforce

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Synonyms for harden

verb to make or become physically hard

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verb to make firmer in a particular conviction or habit

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verb to make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure

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Synonyms for harden

verb become hard or harder

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Antonyms

verb make hard or harder

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verb harden by reheating and cooling in oil

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verb make fit

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verb cause to accept or become hardened to

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