bioethics
bi·o·eth·ics
B0262700 (bī′ō-ĕth′ĭks)bioethics
(ˌbaɪəʊˈɛθɪks)bi•o•eth•ics
(ˌbaɪ oʊˈɛθ ɪks)n. (used with a sing. v.)
bi·o·eth·ics
(bī′ō-ĕth′ĭks)| Noun | 1. |  bioethics - the branch of ethics that studies moral values in the biomedical sciences |
| 单词 | bioethics | |||
| 释义 | bioethicsbi·o·eth·icsB0262700 (bī′ō-ĕth′ĭks)bioethics(ˌbaɪəʊˈɛθɪks)bi•o•eth•ics(ˌbaɪ oʊˈɛθ ɪks)n. (used with a sing. v.) bi·o·eth·ics(bī′ō-ĕth′ĭks)
bioethicsbioethics,in philosophy, a branch of ethicsethics,in philosophy, the study and evaluation of human conduct in the light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewed either as the standard of conduct that individuals have constructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that a particular society ..... Click the link for more information. concerned with issues surrounding health care and the biological sciences. These issues include the morality of abortionabortion, expulsion of the products of conception before the embryo or fetus is viable. Any interruption of human pregnancy prior to the 28th week is known as abortion. The term spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, is used to signify delivery of a nonviable embryo or fetus due ..... Click the link for more information. , euthanasiaeuthanasia , either painlessly putting to death or failing to prevent death from natural causes in cases of terminal illness or irreversible coma. The term comes from the Greek expression for "good death. ..... Click the link for more information. , in vitro fertilizationin vitro fertilization (IVF), technique for conception of a human embryo outside the mother's body. Several ova, or eggs, are removed from the mother's body and placed in special laboratory culture dishes (Petri dishes); sperm from the father are then added, or in many cases a ..... Click the link for more information. , and organ transplants (see transplantation, medicaltransplantation, medical, surgical procedure by which a tissue or organ is removed and replaced by a corresponding part, usually from another part of the body or from another individual. ..... Click the link for more information. ). In the 1970s bioethics emerged as a discipline with its own experts, often professional philosophers, who developed university courses on the subject. Many hospitals now employ experts on bioethics to advise on such issues as how to treat terminally ill patients and to allocate limited resources. Advances in health care, the development of genetic testinggenetic testing, medical screening for genetic disorders, by examining either a person's DNA directly or a person's biochemistry or chromosomes for indirect evidence. Testing may be done to identify a genetic disorder a person has, whether the disorder is already evident or not, ..... Click the link for more information. and screening, and the new research in genetic engineeringgenetic engineering, the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells to change hereditary traits or produce biological products. The techniques include the use of hybridomas (hybrids of rapidly multiplying cancer cells and of cells that make a ..... Click the link for more information. , including gene therapygene therapy, the use of genes and the techniques of genetic engineering in the treatment of a genetic disorder or chronic disease. There are many techniques of gene therapy, all of them still in experimental stages. ..... Click the link for more information. , have also given rise to questions in bioethics. BibliographySee W. T. Reich, ed., Encyclopedia of Bioethics (4 vol., 1978); H. T. Engelhardt, The Foundations of Bioethics (1986); R. Macklin, Mortal Choices: Bioethics in Today's World (1987). bioethics[‚bī·ō′eth·iks]bioethicsbioethics[bi″o-eth´iks]bioethics(bī′ō-ĕth′ĭks)bioethicsAn evolving, multidisciplinary—ethics, philosophy and sociology—field of allied health care, which examines the impact of life sciences on society.Issues of bioethics Doctor-patient relationships, medical decision making, futility of medical care in certain patient groups, healthcare rationing, patients’ rights, physician-assisted suicide, involvement in cases that require unbiased patient advocacy. bi·o·eth·ics(bī'ō-eth'iks)bioethicsThe study of the ethical and moral questions arising from the growing possible application of biological and genetic knowledge, especially in BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING.bioethicsa study of the ethical issues relating to biological, medical and other scientific research and applications. Bioethics considers the perceived risks and benefits of the technologies involved, and their impact on society The major principles on which ethical decision-making is based are: benevolence (doing good, acting in the best interests of an individual and of all, securing their well-being); non-maleficence (preventing harm); autonomy (acting in a way that maximizes freedom of choice for the individual); confidentiality (respecting privacy of information) and justice (treating all fairly, unless there are morally relevant differences between people).bi·o·eth·ics(bī'ō-eth'iks)bioethics
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